Criminology is the science that studies crime, its causes, the personality of the offender, and measures to prevent crime. The term "criminology" comes from Latin.
crimines - crime and Greek logos - doctrine, i.e. literally - the doctrine of crime or criminality.
When studying the links between criminalistics and criminology, the terminological coincidence of the names of these sciences attracts attention first of all. But this is only a verbal coincidence, which does not reflect a substantive difference.
Criminology, although separated from the legal science of criminal law, is now increasingly becoming a field of scientific knowledge about the patterns of development of crime as a kind of social process, gradually acquiring the features of a particular sociological science of social pathology or the sociology of deviant behavior.
At the same time, criminology studies and develops programs to counteract or deter crime at the state level, including theoretical models of normative legal acts, which indicates the presence of legal content in its subject matter.
Globally, criminology has no universally recognized content and presents a rather motley picture of different scientific views on crime and measures to combat it. Modern domestic criminology is usually divided into General and Special parts.
The general part of criminology, in addition to the study of scientific issues, is devoted to the knowledge of the essence, causes and regularities of crime development, personality of a criminal and measures to combat this negative social phenomenon.
The special part includes private criminological theories describing the state and trends of development of certain types of crimes, as well as measures to counteract them.
Such is the brief and most general description of criminology, which still allows us to conclude that, despite the terminological coincidence with criminology, it has a different object and subject of cognition, the purpose of development, as well as theoretical and practical importance.
Criminalistics, as noted earlier, studies and develops technical means, tactical methods and methodological recommendations for disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes, i.e. it strives to cognition and development of measures contributing to specific forensic and operational-investigative activity. This means that unlike criminology which is engaged in studying of dynamics of mass crime committing, searching and development of projects of programs of counteraction to crime on state and world level, criminology is called to investigate technology of revealing and denunciation of persons who committed crimes and to develop necessary support for perfection of such activity.
However, the differences between forensics and criminology do not rule out their many connections.
A number of criminological theories are used in criminology as sources for the development of relevant criminological doctrines and recommendations.
For example, criminological doctrine about the personality of the offender, including the typology of criminal personality, are used in criminology in the development of criminalistics characteristics of crimes; development of recommendations for investigators to study the personality of suspects, defendants, witnesses and victims in the work on criminal cases; in private criminological methods of investigation of crimes. The theory of criminal victimology* found creative realization in the development of forensic methods of detection and investigation of crimes on the signs of the victim of crime. Criminological theory of crime prevention and, in particular, individual crime prevention is the basis of the criminological doctrine of preventive activity of an investigator when working on criminal cases, which begins to be developed as criminological prevention, etc.
* From Latin victima - victim and Greek logos - doctrine.
In turn, the achievements of criminalistics are no less actively taken into account in criminological research. This applies to the criminological theory of the mechanism of individual crime, which reflects a number of provisions of the criminological theory of the method of committing crimes. The theory of criminological forecasting is reflected in the criminological doctrine of crime prediction, etc.
Thus, criminalistics has broad and diverse connections with many private sciences, indicating its special place in the general system of scientific knowledge and confirming its nature as a special, complex and integral legal science.
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Research topics
Conflict theory is a set of criminological theories that holds that those in society who possess the social and economic power, the ruling class, define antisocial behavior. The ruling class uses the criminal law and the criminal justice system to protect their interests and to control the lower class.
Conflict theory
Conflict theory is a set of criminological theories that holds that those in society who possess the social and economic power, the ruling class, define antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior results from class conflictclass conflictClass conflict, also referred to as class struggle and class warfare, is the political tension and economic antagonism that exists in society consequent to socio-economic competition among the social classes or between rich and poor. Class_conflictClass conflict - and social and economic inequality.
Field
Criminology is an interdisciplinary field that applies psychological and sociological concepts to explain and treat criminal behavior. Careers with a criminology degree include correctional officer, forensic scientist, criminal profiler, and cybersecurity specialist.
Criminology books
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