Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by the atoms and molecules. A photon in short is light. Atoms produce light by putting energy in, the electron then becomes excited and goes up an energy level, the electron then falls …
Brain’s “negative thinking” and “negativity” refers to those events that are not constructive and negate our feelings and desires. Conniff’s ideas on negativity stresses that even with all positive things in life, one negative thought or event becomes the focus of attention of a person. …
Whether it be the 4th of July, a day at Disneyland, or Chinese New Year, fireworks can be used to appeal to people of all ages, genders, and races. These low explosive pyrotechnic devices are primarily used for aesthetic or entertainment purposes. Fireworks come in …
What is osmosis? Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane. Why is it important? It is important to know what Osmosis is, and to understand it so that we understand what we are measuring, and so that we can use …
In order to understand the activity of enzymes at different temperatures the ability of the enzyme to function can be measured. This is important in many applications such as Polymerase Chain Reaction for forensics as well as genetics research where manipulation of temperature-dependent enzymes allows …
The fluorite (CaF2) deposits were discovered by prof. Al Amin in 1967 in the areas of Kimwarer, Choff and Kamnaon. He was searching for semi-precious stones, and initially mistook the purple fluorite for gemstone. He therefore collected the sample and took them for analysis in …
The periodic table has been updated all throughout history. Elements have been around us since the beginning of time. Elements, such as gold and silver, are examples of these elements that have been known for centuries. The periodic table allows us to see the elements …
Finding the Ratio of Moles of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction Purpose: The goal of the lab is to determine the mole ratio of two reactants in a chemical reaction (AgNO3 and K2CrO4). However, the formulas for the products are unknown. Introduction: When determining the …
In many applications, Eastman methyl acetate can be an effective replacement for acetone and other fast-evaporating solvents. Strength?assay Methanol Water Acidity as acetic acid color, PC’s Some common cleaning applications include: universal cleaner LOW-VOCE and environmental cleaners Aerosol carburetor cleaners Paint gun cleaners Cleaners for …
Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature, pH, Enzyme Concentration, and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins, they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist, biochemical …
The scientific evidence which lead to the fluid mosaic model 19th Century: The earliest models were very simple, as they suggested that lipid soluble substances entered cells faster than water soluble substances; scientists in those days had also figured out that the layers of lipid …
Characterization and Quantification of Active Compounds of Black pepper (Piper Nigrum): AbstractThe objectives of the study were to investigate the presence of phytochemical compounds from the extract of piper nigrum, using methanolic extraction. It showed the presence of alkaloid, flavanoids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, phytosterols, and …
Rachel Smith Design Lab: Kinetics Lab Introduction: ! Background Information- Effervescent tablets reduce stomach acid and help treat upset stomachs. The familiar zzing you hear when you drop an Alka-Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction. After dropping …
Aims To obtain experience in the metallographic readying of metallic specimens. To detect the assorted microstructures in a welded mild steel articulation. Consequences Overview of 5 different microstructures in welded steel Detail microstructures of 5 different zones Discussion and analysis of consequences The heat affected …
In developed countries, people spend 90% of their lives inside buildings. During this time, the nature of the enclosed environment has direct impact on the lives of the occupants. It is therefore imperative that the buildings have conducive environment where this will impact the lives …
Acid rain is formed when certain gases dissolve in rainwater to form acids. Acid rain by definition in the Chemistry book states: Rainwater that has become excessively acidic because of absorption of pollutant oxides, notably S03, produced by human activities (1). There are airborne pollutants …
Design Lab #17: Reaction Rate – Calcium Carbonate & Hydrochloric acid Design D: Introduction: In this experiment calcium carbonate will be put into a flask and mixed with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide. The formula for this reaction is: CaCO3(s) …
In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature …
The first step in the identification process is generally obtaining isolation. A usual isolation technique for isolation is the streak plate. With this method a small droplet of culture is spread over the surface of the medium in a pattern that gradually thins the sample …
Enzymes are biological catalysts. They increase the rate of reactions by a factor of between 106 to 1012 times, allowing the chemical reactions that make life possible to take place at normal temperatures Definition of enzyme: A protein with catalytic properties due to its power …
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the stereochemical outcome of a reaction. A second chiral center is being formed in this experiment and two diastereomeric compounds are created. Reagents: Safety Precautions or Hazards: Do not place pipettes in paper trash. Must be …
Man loves food and loves to eat. His appetite is always good and in some cases, he will eat food even if he is not hungry especially if the food is tasty. Of course, food has to get into the blood to be carried to …
An overview of the recent research on the fundamental and applied properties of nanoparticles extracted from cellulose, the most abundant polymer on the planet and an essential renewable resource. Given the rapid advancements in the field and the high level of interest within the scientific …
Attendance at Pre-lab Meeting Copies of lab pages attached; labeled with name and date, complete information, readable, data recorded matches results given in report| /5| Waste was properly disposed of and lab area was cleaned Evaluation of student performance overall (student was on time, followed …
My aim is to see how the effect of catalase has on the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. 2H202(aq) 2H20(l) + 02(g) My prediction is as you increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide the catalase will break it down faster and therefore …
1. 1. 1. Leather industrial waste: Prominent effectiveness of leather industry is amplified by high input and expenditure but on other side it causes huge waste of resource, incredible environmental pollution and biological chain destruction. Streams of gaseous, liquid and solid waste are resulted by …
Origin of name: from the Latin word “Rubidius” meaning “dark red” or “deepest red”. Properties: Rubidium may be liquid at room temperature. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently in water, setting fire to the liberated hydrogen. Thus, rubidium must be stored under dry …
Heavy metal contamination of water has become an important problem in recent years. Most hazardous heavy metals exist in environmental water in trace or ultra-trace amounts, which requires establishing highly sensitive analytical methods. In this research, quantitative analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry to …
Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A chemical reaction is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. When a chemical …
Medium formulation is an essential stage in the design of fermentation process. Most fermentation media require liquid media, although some solid-substrate fermentations are also operated. Fermentation media must satisfy all the nutritional requirements of the microorganisms and fulfill the technical objectives of the process. There …
Conjugation
The word "conjugation" is derived from a Latin word that means "to link together". In organic chemistry terms, it is used to describe the situation that occurs when π systems (e.g. double bonds) are "linked together". An "isolated" π (pi) system exists only between a single pair of adjacent atoms (e.g. C=C)
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with objects in motion. Potential energy is the type of energy associated with an object's potential to do work. Chemical energy is the type of energy released from the breakdown of chemical bonds and can be harnessed for metabolic processes.
Physics
Chemical physics is concerned with the application of the concepts and theories of physics to the analysis of chemical systems and their physical behaviour. While also at the interface between physics and chemistry, it is distinct from physical chemistry.
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