Remedial Instruction

Remedial Instruction in English 1. Define and enumerate the procedure of the following: a. augmentative picture( Communication) device •These devices of technology can range from: •A board with pictures representing a student’s daily needs •Words, phrases, sentences symbolically represented on a communication display as photographs, line drawings, tangible objects or letters •Electronic speech synthesizers (prerecorded speech, or segments of words, computers and portable electronic devices. •Augmentative communication devices help individuals in producing and/or understanding speech. b. Bean bag tossing -Cornhole, also known as bean bag toss, corn toss, baggo or bags, is a lawn game in which players take turns throwing corn hole bags at a raised platform with a hole in the far end. A bag in the hole scores 3 points, while one on the platform scores 1 point. Play continues until a team or player reaches the score of 21. Procedure •Bean bag tossing matches are broken down into innings or frames [1] of play. During each inning, every player throws four bags. A player may deliver the bag from either the left or right pitcher's box, but, in any one inning, all bags must be delivered from the same pitcher's box.

It is possible that both players can throw from the same pitcher's box. Also, the player gets a three foot box to throw in. Each player must deliver the bag within twenty seconds. The time starts when the player steps onto the pitcher's box with the intention of pitching. The player who scored in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. If neither pitcher scores, the contestant or team who pitched last in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. Note: one foot cannot pass the back of the board while tossing the corn bag, otherwise the point does not count. Bean bag tossing can be played as either doubles or singles. In doubles play, four players split into two teams. One member from each team pitches from one cornhole platform and the other members pitch from the other. The first side of players alternate pitching bags until both players have thrown all four of their bags, then the players pitching from the opposing cornhole board continue to alternate in the same manner until all four of their bags are delivered and the inning or frame is completed. In singles play, two players play against each other.

Delivery is handled in the same manner as doubles play. Both contestants pitch from the same cornhole platform and alternate their pitches until all of their bags have been pitched, completing the inning or frame. c. Sensory putty •Therapy Putty is the clinician's all-purpose answer for children who are nervous, anxious, distracted, or withdrawn in therapy. Most children can't resist Therapy Putty—It can be squeezed, stretched, twisted, and pulled into an endless assortment of shapes. It gives children an engaging yet undemanding activity that helps them calm down and sit still.

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And it often serves as an effective ice-breaker, leading the child into relaxed and productive discussion. •Therapy Putty is formulated to ensure long-lasting plasticity. It contains only organic, NON-BLEED colors, and it is odorless and nontoxic. It is also ideal for developing hand-muscle strength and increasing endurance. To gently increase range of motion or reduce stiffness, use Extra-Soft Tan. As strength increases, gradually increase the resistance of putty. Varying resistances are indicated by color Procedure 1.

Stretch the Theraputty out and hide coins or small objects in it. Then roll it up into a ball. Have the child pull the putty apart and find all the objects you put in there. 2. Roll the putty out into a long thin snake. Have the child use their index finger to flatten the snake all along its body. Then, using their pincer grip (index finger to thumb) have them squeeze the putty back up. I should now look like a spiky dinosaur! 3. Holding the putty in one hand, have the child pinch pieces of the putty off at a time with each finger opposing the thumb d. Sandtray technique Sandtray therapy is considered an expressive and dynamic form of psychotherapy that facilitates expression of thoughts through metaphor and symbols, according to the Sandtray Therapy Institute. The technique aims at healing individuals by allowing them to get in touch with their inner processes and past experiences. The Institute touts its ability to let people become who they are meant to be, rather than being limited by what they were taught when they were younger. •is a form of expressive therapy that is also known as sandplay and the world technique.

It was developed by Margaret Lowenfeld, Goesta Harding, De Domenico, Charlotte Buehler, Bolgar, Fisher, Ruth Bowyer, and Dora Kalff. This non-verbal method of therapy is often used with children, but can be applied to adults, teens, couples, families, and groups as well. Sand tray therapy allows a client to construct their own microcosm using miniature toys and colored sand. The newly created microcosm then acts as a reflection of the client’s own life and allows them the opportunity to resolve conflicts, remove obstacles, and to connect to their inner being and recognize the beauty of their own soul as they begin to accept themselves.

Procedure - One of the most common techniques used in sand tray therapy is the world technique. This approach involves the use of miniatures. Clients are encouraged to use miniature toys, figurines and objects in the sand in way they choose. They can add water to the sand, and place the miniatures in the sand tray in any order. The design of the sand tray is guided by their imagination and their subconscious. The result is a microcosm of their inner world. The world within the sand tray is expressed through symbolism and metaphor, and may not even make immediate sense to the client.

But aided by the therapist, a client, even a child, can begin to recognize the relationship between the creation in the sand and their own inner world. -The humanistic approach is another common strategy applied in sand tray therapy. Clinicians who use this technique rely solely on the client to find solutions to their problems, using the sand as a tool for healing. Through creative expression, a client is able to manifest in sand things they would otherwise not be able to vocalize or address in traditional therapy.

The therapist treats the client as whole and healed, knowing that the process of sand tray therapy allows the client to find the answers that are already within them. e. Pad cast •a digital recording of music, news or other media that can be downloaded from the internet to a portable media player. The term originated from “P. O. D. ”, meaning Portable On Demand, and “cast”, relating to the term broadcast •Anyone can create a podcast. All over the world, people are creating podcasts on subjects ranging from movies, to technology, to music, to politics and whatever else you can think of.

This is new original content made by passionate people who want to share their creativity with the world. •The cost to start podcasting is so low that anyone can do it. Most podcasters are everyday people like you and me. They could be talking to you driving in their car, sitting in their living room or speaking at a conference. You get to glimpse into their life and into their interests. •Podcasters are creating very raw and real content and listeners are responding. Free from corporate radio and broadcast regulations, you can create whatever kind of show you can imagine. Some podcasts are “talk show” style. Others introduce you to the latest bands and music. With podcasts you can stay current on the news, get a glimpse into someone’s life, listen to move reviews and the list goes on. •Most podcasts are made by people who are very passionate about their subject. Passion is infectious and interesting to listen to. Since the birth of podcasting, a huge variety of shows have shown up on the internet. •In addition, many major media outlets are also now offering podcasts. You can listen to NPR, Rush Limbaugh and many major news outlets by podcast. f. Math Manipulatives In math classrooms today, teachers are using manipulatives to help students learn mathematics. Manipulative materials are any concrete objects that allow students to explore an idea in an active, hands-on approach. Manipulatives can be almost anything –blocks, shapes, spinners or even paper that is cut or folded. •The power of using manipulatives is that they let the student connect mathematical ideas and symbols to physical objects, thus promoting better understanding. For example, students in grade 5 must learn about decimal numbers. Students ma ke a common mistake nwhen comparing 0. 7 and 0. 6, thinking that 7 tenths is a smaller number than 56 hundredths. This is because students think that a two-digit number, such as 56hundredths is larger than a one-digit number, 7 tenths. That “rule” works for wholenumbers, but not decimals. If the students are asked to build these numbers using amanipulative such as base ten blocks, they can immediately see that 7 tenths is larger than56 hundredths. They connect the model to the concept of the size of the numbers. With many experiences building and representing using manipulatives, students can deepen their understanding of abstract math concepts.

It can also be tools to help students solve problems. By using physical models to represent their thinking, they can move and adapt the materials as they explore possiblesolutions to problems G. Raised line paper •One way to assist students with difficulty in writing is by offering raised-line paper. The lines on this paper are embossed, which raises them slightly. This provides both visual and tactile cues for students who have difficulty with letter formation, spacing and “staying in the lines. ” As students write, they will “feel” the lines both with their fingers and through the motion of their pencils.

This may help students to form letters and words more accurately, increasing their feeling of success with writing tasks. •When using this kind of tool in your classroom, it’s best to provide it for everyone if possible. This will help class projects or bulletin boards to look uniform in appearance. More importantly, kids with disabilities will have an opportunity to see that they are using the same materials as their peers. Already acutely aware that they struggle with writing, they don’t need to be self-conscious about using different paper than everyone else.

In order to save money, kids can use scrap paper or regular paper for writing or dictating rough drafts, and then use the raised-line paper for final copies if necessary Procedure •Just prepare the tools(the particular paper) and let the students follow the lines I the paper. h. Sparkle •A spelling word game than has been played a lot in classrooms is Sparkle. The basic game goes like this. The person in charge of calling out the words can be the teacher or a student. When the first word is called out, the first person starts spelling it, saying only the first letter.

The second person says the second letter and so on down the line. Whoever says the last letter of the word turns to the next person and says “sparkle” or any other word of your choosing, like “Whoo-hoo” or “Gotcha. ” The person who would have been next is out, because he or she got “sparkled”. •The game continues with the leader calling out another word. Any time a student misspells a word, that student is out. Some teachers have a student sit down if they are not paying attention and do not know it is their turn or do not remember the previous letter. This helps improve listening skills.

Procedure 1. The class forms a circle. 2. The teacher says a list word. 3. The first student says the first letter of the word. 4. The next in line says the second letter. 5. The student next in line says the third letter. This continues until all letters of the list word have been spoken. 6. The student in line AFTER the last letter, then says the list word. 7. The next student in line says "SPARKLE" and is OUT, and returns to his seat. 8. Anytime a student says the wrong letter, he is out and returns to his seat. 9. I usually give the winner a cap eraser, pencil grip, or something like that. . Adaptive reading materials Multisensory techniques are frequently used for students withLearning Disabilities (LD) Multisensory teaching techniques and strategies stimulate learning by engaging students on multiple levels. They encourage students to use some or all of their senses to: •Gather information about a task; •Link information to ideas they already know and understand; •Perceive the logic involved in solving problems; •Learn problem-solving steps; •Tap into nonverbal reasoning skills; •Understand relationships between concepts; and •Learn information and store it for later recall.

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