Hypothesis: The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray all lie in the same plane. Also, according to Snell’s law, for 2 particular media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction should be …
Aims and Objectives To interpret the IR Spectrum. To obtain the spectrum of a liquid sample and identified compound using library data base . Introduction Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used by organic and inorganic chemists. Simply, it is …
A pure substance: • contains atoms of only one kind. • It has fixed physical and chemical properties like boiling point, melting point, valency, density • contains only one chemical identity, e. g. one element or one compound. • cannot be separated into 2 or more substances …
A membrane is a type of selective barrier that is used to separate or concentrate the feed stream as it passes through the membrane, which selectively allows some constituents to pass as others are retained on the surface of the membrane. The constituents that are …
DISCUSIONIn the present survey Peroxidase ( peculiarly laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase ) were produced and optimized by selected fungous strains. Besides it has revitalized the function of Peroxidase for fabric dye remotion every bit good as utilize in detergents, fish diet as a …
Based on my research up to day of the month I came to the decision that risky countries is a large subject to cover and after a series of meetings with my supervisor Mr. Jerry Duggan I have decided to concentrate preponderantly on “ Dust …
8 themes of biology relating to the cell membrane Science as a process: Science is a process which encompasses many methods in order to reach a final conclusion. This relates to the cell membrane because it carries out many processes to reach a final product. …
Study guide for Ch 16-18 Chapter 16 • Alfred Hershey and Martha chase answered the question whether protein or DNA was the genetic material by using Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). o Bacteriaphages were good for the experiment because they only contain 2 organic compounds, …
These ores ca n be directly used in the production of iron and steel. All other ores need benefaction and certain processing before they are used in t he production of iron and steel. Low grade iron ores cannot be used as such for the …
Lab report April 14, 2013 Abstract: In this article, we will experiment on the significant in strength of the enzyme by using three different test tubes and measuring the amount of product they give off. To determine this we are going to test the amount …
The leaves are the part of a plant where most photosynthesis takes place. Key: 1. Waxy cuticle: this gives the leaf a waterproof layer, which lets in light. 2. Upper epidermis: provides an upper surface. 3. Palisade cells: contain chloroplasts. 4. Spongy mesophyll: collection of …
6. 1. 1 Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential. There are two reasons why the digestion of large food molecules is vital. Firstly, the food we eat is made up of many compounds made by other organisms which are not all suitable …
Water is one of the chief beginnings in the Earth. It is a really of import resource for people and the environment. Our blood consists of H2O and we can non populate without H2O. We need H2O in our life daily because it is a …
It is undeniable that global warming has been one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. Global warming is due to the greenhouse effect wherein greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap the sun’s heat in our atmosphere and prevent it from radiating back …
Career Episode 3 a) Introduction This career episode describes my working activity from September till October 2xxx. I was working as a group leader at the design of water-supply and sewerage works and networks of the FFF Bauxite Mine and of a town situated in …
One of the most essential organelles in the animal cell is the mitochondrion, as it is not only the center of ATP production, it also have a phylogenetic value that reveals taxonomic relationships among organisms. These are rod-shaped organelles convert oxygen and glucose into adenosine …
Introduction Histone Proteins are favourably the alkaline proteins which are present in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. They are the basic parts responsible for wrapping and organizing DNA into chromosomes in the nucleus. They are the principal protein elements of the chromatin and acts …
Global and China ICC Substrate Industry Report, 2014-2015 Summary The Global ICC Substrate Industry market scale is expected to grow at a rate of 9. 8% in 2014, and then speed up to 11. 6% in 2015. ICC Substrate Industry falls into three camps I. …
Global warming is the worst challenge facing the world in the 21st century. Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been sudden increase in global temperature leading to global warming effect. Increased human activities and natural activities have contributed to increase global …
Experiment 16: Heat conduction Introduction In this laboratory you will study heat flow across a temperature gradient. By comparing the temperature difference across one material to the temperature difference across a second material of known thermal conductivity, when both are conducting heat at a steady …
Chp. 15 Chemical equilibrium: Occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction (opposing reactions) proceed at the same rate At equilibrium the rate at which products are produced from reactants equals the rate at which reactants are produced from products At equilibrium a particular ratio …
Pesticidehe terms “chemical accident” or “chemical incident” refer to an event resulting in the release of a substance or substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment in the short or long term. Such events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous …
Chemotherapy simply means the use of chemicals to treat disease by destroying microorganism or cancerous or tumor cells. Generally, chemotherapy acts by destroying rapidly dividing cells although the mechanism that leads to this differs. Several divisions of chemotherapy agents exist such as the anti-metabolites, plant …
Macromolecules contain more than one molecules. They are usually found in foods. For example, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins are the living organisms that macromolecules are commonly found. Their functions are mostly storing energy and information. By performing this lab, types of macromolecules are …
Questions A. Give two reasons why we fill the gas generator test tubes almost to the top with chemicals? The first reason is that we want to obtain pure gas and by minimizing the amount of air in the top this will maximize the gases …
“Respiration” and “Photosynthesis” All life depends on two chemical reactions “Respiration” and “Photosynthesis”. These two processes are quite crucial because they are a source to nearly all life on Earth. Both of these processes are quite similar yet differentiate vastly. In this essay I’ll be …
Introduction The main purpose of this lab was to investigate how temperature, concentration, the addition of catalysts, and the substitution of a more reactive reactant, can affect the reaction. The collision theory explains that in order for a reaction to occur, reacting particles must collide …
Introduction to Environmental Toxicology A lecture by Dr Rick Leah (Long version of Notes prepared by Dr R T Leah, Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool but including material summarized and adapted from various locations on the www*) Aims The impact of toxic chemicals on wildlife …
Photosynthesis Essay During the Light Dependent Reactions, activity occurs within the thylakoids of the chloroplast. NADP+ accepts two high energy electrons and an H+ ion and then converts into NADPH. This process ultimately traps some of the sunlight in chemical form. Then, NADPH is able …
Introduction Specific heat is defined as the measure of the ability of a substance to change temperature. Specific heat of a substance is the heat needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance once degree Celsius. The more Joules (unit of heat) …
Conjugation
The word "conjugation" is derived from a Latin word that means "to link together". In organic chemistry terms, it is used to describe the situation that occurs when π systems (e.g. double bonds) are "linked together". An "isolated" π (pi) system exists only between a single pair of adjacent atoms (e.g. C=C)
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with objects in motion. Potential energy is the type of energy associated with an object's potential to do work. Chemical energy is the type of energy released from the breakdown of chemical bonds and can be harnessed for metabolic processes.
Physics
Chemical physics is concerned with the application of the concepts and theories of physics to the analysis of chemical systems and their physical behaviour. While also at the interface between physics and chemistry, it is distinct from physical chemistry.
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