Anxiety is the fear of experiencing horror or dismay in the future. The risk that is dreaded, is not generally imminent, and the fear also may not be recognized or realistic to others. In contrast, naturally fear is an expressive and carnal reaction to a present, known threat. Anxiety is recognized as being both a psychological and physical experience. Therefore anxiety may develop gradually and often starts during the teen years or as a young adult and women are two times more likely to be affected. The disorder comes on gradually and can begin across the life cycle, though the risk is highest between childhood and middle age. Although the exact cause of anxiety is unknown, there is evidence that biological factors, family background, and life experiences, particularly stressful ones, play a role. Anxiety and worry are interrelated with at least three physical or cognitive symptoms of anxiety.
Currently, anxiety affects 6.8 million adults, or 3.1% of the U.S. population, in any specified year. Anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders in adults. “Epidemiological surveys estimate the lifetime prevalence of anxiety at 2.8–6.2% and the 12-month prevalence at 0.2–4.3% In the National Comorbidity Replication Survey, the 12-month prevalence of anxiety was approximately 12% in adults over the age of 55 years”. Dimensional and structural diagnoses have each been used in the clinical treatment and research, in which both methods are projected for the new classification in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-5). Though each of these methods has restrictions more recently, the prominence in diagnosis has focused on neuroimaging and inherent research. “This approach is constructed moderately on the need for a more complete understanding of how biology, stress, and inheritances correlate to profile the symptoms of anxiety”.
From time to time just the thought of getting through the day produces anxiety for people with anxiety. They do not know how to stop the fear or the worrying and since it is beyond their control. This is even though they often understand that their anxiety is more self-motivated than the state of affairs or circumstances they are in. As with all anxiety disorders, anxiety will relate to the inability to tolerate any type of uncertainty a person has in their life, and therefore many people with anxiety try to preplan or control situations. When individuals with anxiety illustrate mild to moderate levels of anxiety or are treated, they can function on a social basis, have productive and lucrative lives, and continue to be gainfully employed. Many individuals with anxiety may avoid circumstances because of this disorder or they may not take advantage of potential prospects and opportunities due to their worrying. Some of these people with anxiety have difficulty carrying out the simplest daily activities when their anxiety is severe.
Anxiety disorders affect up to 13.3% of individuals in the U.S. and institute the most predominant subcategory of mental disorders. The degree of their prevalence was first revealed in the Epidemiological Catchments Area study about 26 years ago. Regardless of their widespread prevalence, these disorders have not established the same acknowledgment as other major syndromes such as temperament and psychotic disorders. In addition, the primary care physician is usually the assessor and treatment provider. “Because of this management environment, anxiety disorders can be said to account for diminished efficiency, amplified morbidity and mortality rates, and the development of alcohol and drug abuse in a large sector of the population”.
Despite the difficulties in diagnosing anxiety it can be distinguished from similar disorders and anxieties. Due to this difficulty, has made a few individuals in the field of diagnosing mental disorders suggest that a dimensional model may be used for not only the study but the treatment of Anxiety. This disorder is seen through a combination of symptoms such as panic, social ineptness, and obsessiveness. Each of these symptoms will and must be looked into either through theoretical, biological, or genetic factors, which can dictate treatment methods. Some of the methods used to determine a diagnosis are debatable and still are not introduced into the DSM-5.
In trying to find an integrative treatment for anxiety by merging cognitive-behavioral therapy, empirically supported treatment, and interpersonal-emotional processing therapy we found that the subject dropped out of treatment after the 8th session. In this research case, the treatment was intended to improve upon the efficiency of the standard treatment.
Though, one of the goals was for the clinicians and researchers to share what they had discovered to advance treatments. Not all of these approaches, however, work for every client. This may be due to the fact that “in the quest of the ultimate goal of assisting clients to make positive changes, more data needs to be acquired by reviewing cases of failures, in the same manner, that successful treatments are studied”. It was discovered that using the response and nonresponse answers showed that there was support for empirically supported treatments (ESTs). But this has its issues since researchers have their own descriptions and classifications, often using diverse outcome measures. For example, one way to define response is to examine effect size, yet even these tend to vary from study to study. Nevertheless, “meta-analyses suggest that, on average, about 50% of clients with anxiety accomplish high-end state functioning”.
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