Democratic Leadership in The World Theory Of Social Exchange
The social exchange theory is a relationship based on the concept of there being a “cost” and a “reward,” to portray the benefits of the relationship. The positive side to this theory is that you can determine the balance in a friendship, for example there could be someone who is always willing to help you out in a time of need without expecting a reward. But on the negative side, there are people who always ask to borrow or take from you without there being an actual cost. The basis of how the person falls on each side of the theory could determine the outcome of a relationship. In Maslow’s theory of Motivation he explains the hierarchy of needs, which is organized into a pyramid; with basic survival needs at the bottom (food, water, shelter, etc.), the next two layers up are psychological needs (belongingness, love, esteem, etc.), and the top two layers are self-fulfillment needs (self actualization). This theory explains the basis to how people survive, but the key importance of social interaction and communication is missing.
Maslow did not include the idea the hierarchy of needs could be met and we would not be able to survive without interaction between people. There are three common styles of leadership that most people in control will follow, they are autocratic/authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. The differences between them are that autocratic leadership is similar to a dictatorship, while democratic has some control but not completely, and laissez-faire is the most passive approach. Autocratic styles of leadership consist of very high control and power over the people, and they take very little suggestions when it comes to the way they are leading. This type tends to instill fear in the people who are under their control and they will be faced with punishments if they oppose the ideas and values of their leader. This style would usually work the best when there are big speeches and announcements that are meant to be persuasive, because no one could object.
Democratic styles of leadership are more common in the fact that the leaders ask for input from their people before any decisions are made, and it is based off of the idea that if people are willing to participate and have a voice, they will be heard. This works the best for most types of leaders because there is less opposition when many ideas and values are being combined into one. Lastly, laissez-faire style is a hands-off approach to leading, the people have control of what jobs and roles that they desire to have. This leads to too many opposing forces that disagree with each other and this is a harmful and concerning way to be in control. Globalization is when something like a business that starts of small, expands into a national or international business.
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The benefits to globalization is that it is easier to communicate with others and there is an interchangeable culture with better trade. But the negative side or costs of globalization are that it could be dangerous to mix many cultures into one due to their vastly different ideas and values, and it would also be harder for people to find jobs, as there are more types of people trying to get the same job. Technology in the modern world has many effects on people and the way that they act, compared to how they did in the past. Specifically the internet, teens and adults use the internet on a daily basis and it is having an impact on our brains that we cannot see.
Our concentration and focus is being constrained when we attempt to read a book or an essay, because we have adapted to getting our information and research so quickly due to advanced search engines, so our brains have been trained to pay attention for only a few seconds. But the internet is the largest way of communicating with people and family from the other side of the world at ease, and news is almost posted instantly after an event so we can stay updated on what is happening in different areas of our planet. Technology has its costs and its benefits, but in this case there is more reward than risk, so it will continue to be part of our daily lives until the costs outweigh the reward
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