What is Anthropology

Cultural anthropologists investigate the culture and social organization of a particular group of people, colonization, traditions, and gender relations.

Linguistic Anthropology-Linguistic is a science of language. Linguistic anthropology studies the process of human communication. It examines the relationship between language and other aspects of culture like ethnicity, social status and colonization.

Archeology-field of anthropology that examines the distribution and form of artifacts, and the cultural patterns or movement of ancient life.

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It aims to reconstruct man's past behavior by studying sills and artifacts. Franz Boas-Father of American Anthropology. Early Beginnings of Culture and Society The present modern human being had evolved through natural mutation, normal variation, and natural selection. The evolution Is characterized by developments which occurred six million years or more ago, during the successive divisions of tertiary period. The period has five epochs:

1. Pliocene-also known as "early recent" lasted around 65 million years ago. Marked by demise of dinosaurs, as well as existence of pre-primates like femur.
2. Eocene-lasted 30-45 million years ago. It is marked by warm tropical climates, along with the appearance of the order of mammals and provision-Like primates. Anthropoids appeared during this period.
3. Occurred like the appearance of elephants with trunks and early horses.
4. Miocene- lasted around 23 million years ago. Its landscape is marked by the development of two major ecosystems: kelp forest and grasslands.
5. Pliocene-lasted 5 million years ago.

Characterized by cooling and drying of the global environment. These changes led to the further spread of grasslands and growth of savannas.

1. Social Solidarity-members live and work together for mutual benefit.
2. National or Cultural Identity-members of society share a common culture which enables them to follow patterns of action for harmonious existence with others.
3. Language-members use common language to communicate with one another.
4. Hierarchical Resynchronization is an economic, social and industrial organization.
5. Large membership-it's the largest social unit.

Types of Society

1. Hunting, fishing and gathering-earliest form of human society. People survived by researching gathering food and by small game of hunting wild animals. The division of labor was based on sex. The males were the hunters and the females participated in the shore fishing and gathering and preserving food. Woman likewise, were tasked with child care.
2. Horticultural Society-existed years ago. During these times, people began to plant and cultivate crops rather than Just harvest whatever nature provided them.
3. Pastoral Society-Depends on herding and domestication of animals for food and clothing. Animals provide milk, fuel, sheared fur and even blood.
4. Agricultural Society-existed about 5,000-6,000 years ago. The agricultural society is characterized by the use of plow and irrigation in production. Because of this, men became capable of producing huge surpluses.
6. Industrial Society-substitution from human and animal labor to mechanical, electrical, and fossil-fuel energy.
7. Post-industrial Society-depends on special knowledge to bring about continuing progress in technology. The spread of computer industries is one of the characteristics of this society. Colombo, Millers P. Leans, Teresa C. Mere, Alicia T. Villain

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