Mental health refers to a state of social, psychological and emotional well-being of a person. It is the ability of an individual to think, act and feel normal. The state of one’s mental health affects how they relate with others, the choices they make, how they cope with the daily pressure of life and the level of satisfaction with life. Anyone may develop conditions that may lead to mental illnesses. Mental illnesses impair the normal functioning of a person resulting in behavioral and psychological irregularities. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the causes, symptoms, effects, and control measures of mental illnesses. A lot of knowledge has been documented regarding the issues. Medical practitioners and social workers are more equipped with the requisite skills to care for mental illness patients than before. There have been efforts worldwide to create awareness of the issues to reduce social stigma and negligence on mental health disorders. Nevertheless, many patients with mental disorders do not seek medical help and continue to suffer due to some varied reasons.
Prevalence
Every person is prone to suffer some kind of mental disorder. Mental disorder is one of the leading cause of illnesses in the world. According to (Steel et al. 478), about 1 in every 5 people in the world suffer from some kind of mental disorder. Children are also victims with 10-20% of adolescent reporting to be suffering from mental disorders (Sundar, Kaur, and Dhillon 699). These numbers could be higher due to the numerous cases that are never reported. Poor people have higher chances of developing mental illnesses because of their harsh social economic environment. They also face difficulties in accessing specialized care and treatment. Mental health issues cost millions of dollars every year on a global scale. It causes other health complications that affect the quality of life of the patients. It is necessary to change the approach of combating mental health issues to ensure that more people with disorders are diagnosed and assisted.
Causes of Mental Health Problems
There are various causes of mental health problems. These are the factors that predispose someone from suffering one of the many mental illnesses. Mental illnesses can be caused by biological, environmental, or psychological factors. These causes are explained below.
Biological Causes
The biological factors that can cause mental illnesses include genetics, brain injuries, and damages during a child’s development.
Genetics: There is a close link between mental disorders and genetics. Some mental disorders may be contained in the genes of a person. Studies have revealed that disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism may be genetic (Kavanagh 72). Patients that develop these disorders often have some genes in common. This implies that the disorders are as a result of those genes. Sometimes, mental illnesses are common in a family reinforcing the fact that it is genetic. The disorders, however, manifest differently in different people even though they have the same genes that cause the disorders. This is because the interactions between the genetic factors and environmental factors affect how the illnesses manifest themselves.
Brain Injuries: There is a strong link between brain injuries and mental illnesses. In cases where the injury is open and the brain is affected, there are high chances of developing a mental disorder. This is because the brain plays a central role in the regulation of all body activities and damage would hinder that role. Exerting large force to the skull may cause internal damage to the brain. Concussions arise because of a blow to the head causing temporary disorders such as confusion, loss of memory and unconsciousness. They affect athlete in contact sports such as rugby. Continuous blows to the head may result in long-term problems such as dementia (Sundman, Hall, and Chen 10).
Damages during a Child’s Development: Any issues that affect the neural system and the health of a baby before, during, and immediately after birth has the potential to cause mental illnesses. Conditions such as autism develop when the development of a fetus or a child is compromised. This may be because of the mother using drugs during pregnancy, infections, or complications during birth.
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