Summary of Sustainable Development in Islamic Perspectives

It seeks for humans to use resources In the best possible way, accounting for the environment upon which those resources rely. From an Islamic point of view, human beings are God Almighty representatives on the planet Earth, and they are entitled to benefit from its resources without selfishly monopolizing them. Human beings must seek to develop this planet in accordance with the provisions of the Holy Quern and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad "Saunas", with the stipulation that current needs must be met without Jeopardizing the rights of future generations.

Development is reported in Curran under the expression ;Architecture and Construction", God says: "It is He Who hath produced you from the earth and settled you therein" (Sarah HUT, verse 61) in his verse Indicates the necessity of building land. And also our Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said: "If the Final Day comes upon you while you were planting a seed, then continue on planting It. " Development also believed that can take care of employment and promote stability at the same time.

However, development also creates issue in certain countries where distributive inequalities were indeed acute. Islam does not put a barrier on a country that choose to develop but Islam teaches man to resist selfishness, greed and rapacious exploitation of natural resources since velveteen needs to sacrifice the environment. Also, the way of life Islam prescribes offers ample possibilities of extracting a whole blue print of instructions which, if put into operation, would not only help resolve current problems but may usher in positive improvement in the situation. Roth, achieving inter-generational equity in the use of the natural resources and restricting as far as possible the increase in pollution for maintaining the present quality of environment. The three views are interrelated but policy prescriptions change depending on one's predilections. To clarify these interpretations, policy consequences that follow in each case and their mutual linkages not only in a secular dispensation but possibly from an Islamic viewpoint as well.

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The first view centering on growth derives its inspiration from the classical steady state long run development model. In Islamic dispensation the fulfillment of basic need of all member of the community is a social imperative: the elements of the vector will doubles include, in addition growth, the improvement in health and nutrition, accommodation facilities, medical care, educational attainment, and increase in basic freedom. So, sustainable development is a situation where the specified vector must increase over time without hitting the limit.

The rate of change may assume to remain positive for each time segment consider as strong sustainability while only the overall trend may be conceived as remaining positive consider as weak sustainable. For the second view, the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 presented the definition of sustainable development focusing on inter- generational equity. In its view, such development is that as meets the needs of the resent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

It must aim at preserving the natural foundations of life and calls for a fair distribution of goods and opportunities. The Commission relates sustainable development to three domains: economy, environment, and society in equal measure. The relationships between the three domains are depicted in figure (2) below reproduced from the Commission's Report. Finally, there is the perception of sustainable development as an effort to forge a compromise between the growing demands for economic growth on the one hand ND for environmental protection on the other.

The definition seeks to limit the rate of growth to a level that would allow it to continue without aggravating the resource position, if environment is maintained as it is. It focuses on recycling of resources, their renewal where possible, and their conservation if non-renewable. The three notions of sustainable development discussed above are closely linked. For example, a sustainable rate of growth implies that the pace of development should consonance with the mastoid objectives of the Shari's.

The main objectives of the Islamic law put broadly are "to promote the well-being of all mankind which lies in safeguarding their faith (din), their human self (naifs), their intellect (SQL), their posterity (nasal) and their wealth (meal)". Rapid economic growth with priority for the fulfillment of basic needs and avoidance of wasteful expenditure are imperative to help move in that direction. Development by nature is a value loaded term and implies the achievement of economic and social objectives.

Sustainable development is a constrained process of dynamic change for social betterment. The common element underpinning the indicated approaches to such development is conservation of resources and maintenance to reduce of pollution levels. The deterioration of environment actually still continues unabated also in the Muslim world even as Islam preaches moderation in consumption, exhorts to avoid wasteful use of natural resources, reminds people of delicate proportions in the universe and enjoins on mankind to maintain the natural balance.

It warned that greed will tempt mankind to disturb the proportions and to balance of the environment. Islamic concern for the environment from the neural principle: 'Receive no injury inflict no injury. Some others supporting the contention claim that there are hundreds of verses in the Curran relevant to avoid causing injury to the natural and environmental resources (Hosannas and Cache 2002). The environmentalists continue to express dismay on the decadent health of the planet.

They lament about the diminishing biodiversity, global warming, depleting fish stock, shrinking supplies of unsullied fresh drinking water, the plundering of virgin tropical forests, and air pollution reducing agricultural yields and affecting unman health. It is estimated that there are as many as 30 million different species of living organisms in this world. They constitute a important source of genetic information that could be useful for the development of medicines, natural pesticides, resistant varieties of plants and animals.

This sort of disappointment every year on the Earth Day has become a regular ritual. Achievements of the remedial measures undertaken still can't undo the fact that year after year the world moves from a bad to a worse environmental situation. In developing countries a large art of total economic activity still relies on the extraction and utilization of natural resource like minerals, forests, marine life, the underground petroleum, and water. They cannot slow down exploitation of resources, existing and potential for what they have.

Of these, conservation of non-renewable resources poses serious problem, it involves difficult tradeoff between the present and the future well-being of mankind. There are many resource extinction activities e. G. Timber cutting and strip mining have direct repercussions on environmental quality. From physics, there is the law of inspiration of matter requiring ultimately the equality of the two flows: (a) the flow of raw materials including energy extracted from the environment and (b) the residuals from the economic processes discharged back into the environment.

This equation is for sustainable development that has several alternatives or a combination of them: reduce G; reduce RPR or increase (Crap + Cry). Reduction in RPR or increase in (Crap + Cry) are feasible propositions. Even so, their combined impact is not likely to cover up the environmental degradation brought about by increase in G. Islamic economists consider the fundamental issue of characterized with glaring inequalities in the distribution of wealth and incomes within and among nations.

Widening income and opportunity disparities put immense pressure on world resources; give rise to wars, armed conflicts, corruption and mounting environmental degradation. Most countries has the legal framework is not deficient. In many cases a formidable array of laws relating to control of pollution of air, water, and land is available. The essential problem is the non-compliance of laws by the people. Then, stronger enforcement programs both at the state and Federal level are needed. The concept of sustainable development is complex until it lends itself several interpretations.

However, an evaluation of different approaches to the concept leads to the same destination: what lies behind various interpretations is eventually one concern - how to sustain the environment indefinitely? Today some five hundred odd multinational corporations from the developed countries produce and control bulk of the industrial output of the world. The population of these countries was less than 6% of the globe in 2001 but they consumed almost 80% of the goods and services all nations produced that year.

The poor countries are in need utilizing more of their resources internally rather than developing countries that their resources are diminishing. This can be seen by rising prices of oil, steel, and other crucial minerals. And, the law of diminishing returns does apply to the discovery of new resources, at least in the short run. Globalization now sweeping the world serves in part as an instrument intended to ensure unabated flow of resources remaining available to the plopped countries.

To remove poverty and maintain living standard the global output must grow. To the cause of sustainable development, these ideas and policy positions did more harm than good. They made human beings care free of environment. It was believed that nature is incorruptible by what humans may choose to do on the planet Earth: there are natural laws that would maintain balance between the consequences of human activity and the environment: the self-cleansing process of the environment would make an automatic adjustment to men's deeds.

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