Mores and Folkways: Distinguishing Cultural Norms

Understanding social norms is essential in the broad field of cultural anthropology. The ideas of mores and folkways, which are both pronounced "mor-ays," are crucial to this comprehension. Despite being often used synonymously, these two phrases denote different cultural expectations. Understanding the little differences between them might help us understand how societies set priorities and enforce certain norms. This essay presents a general overview of the differences between mores and folkways. For a more in-depth exploration, the references provided should be consulted.

Fundamental Concepts

It's important to understand the fundamental concepts of mores and folkways before diving into their distinctions. The conventional practices or ways of life that govern routine acts and behaviors within a specific society are represented as folkways. These are the customs and routines that are generally followed but are not rigorously enforced. On the other hand, mores are the moral standards or rules of behavior that a society considers to be absolutely vital for its survival. They establish what is ethically acceptable or unacceptable in a community.

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Level of Societal Importance

The main distinction between mores and folkways is how significant a society considers each to be. Folkways are more closely related to cultural norms like politeness, which, if disregarded, would cause a few raised eyebrows but wouldn't lead to harsh condemnation. For instance, deviating from a folkway can include dressing in an unusual manner. In contrast, mores are associated with a moral or ethical importance. Mores are considered as damaging to society's fabric and often result in harsher penalties. In many cultures, stealing something or betraying your family would be considered a worse transgression.

Repercussions of Violation

When folkways are broken, there may be light consequences like gossip, raised eyebrows, or brief social exclusion. They are not officially punished. On the other hand, moral infractions may result in severe punishments, such as fines, social isolation, or even violence. For instance, whereas being tardy (violating a folkway) may result in a bad reputation, stealing (violating a more) may result in imprisonment.

Fluidity vs. Rigidity

Folkways are often more flexible, evolving with the times and society. Some traditions or practices may disappear as communities develop, giving rise to new folkways. However, mores are less adaptable since they are more firmly ingrained in a society's moral code. While not unchangeable, changes in mores can need profound social change.

Conclusion:

To guide conduct and expectations, mores and folkways are essential elements of a society's normative system. Despite their superficial resemblance, they differ in their depth of social significance, the repercussions of transgression, and their flexibility. Anyone who wants to comprehend the complexities of human cultures must be aware of this distinction, not simply anthropologists and sociologists. Knowing these minor cultural norms helps promote understanding and reduce gaps as our society becomes more and more globalized.

References:

1. Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals is a book written by W. G. Sumner.
2. É. Durkheim. The Sociological Method Rules.
3. Universals in the content and organization of values: Theoretical developments and empirical studies in 20 nations, Schwartz, S. H.

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