Electrical and Electronics
This effect can be used to build an electric power generator, such as the one described in this paper. A coil attached to a shaft spins within the magnetic field ofa "U" shaped magnet. Three conveniently designed conductive disks allow the electrical load of the generator to be fed either with alternating current or direct current. the loop terminals is sinusoidal with zero mean value. Its frequency is equal to the number of revolutions per second executed by the loop. Each terminal of the loop is connected to a metallic ring. The contacts with rings are made by means of fixed brushes. If the brushes are connected to an electrical load, an alternating current will be established in the circuit.
Keywords. Alternating Current, Direct Current, Generator, Magnetic Field, Induced Voltage.
1. Introduction
Order custom essay Electrical and Electronics with free plagiarism report
450+ experts on 30 subjects
Starting from 3 hours delivery
Although diverse forms of energy (mechanical, thermal, chemical etc. ) can be converted into electrical energy, the expression electric generator is reserved, in the industry, energy into electrical energy. The generators that produce direct current (DC) are called dynamos and the ones that produce alternating current (AC) are called alternators.
The device described in this paper is a generator capable of supplying an electrical load ith the desired type of current: alternating current or direct currents AC output AC generator.
2. AC generator principle of operation
A wire loop rotates within the magnetic field generated by a magnet, which induces an AC voltage between the loop terminals. The periodic change of the voltage polarity is due to the change of the position of the coil relatively to the magnetic poles.
The amplitude of the voltage depends on the magnetic field strength and is also directly proportional to the rotating speed [1, 2, 3, 4]. If he magnetic field is uniform and the rotation speed is constant, the voltage induced between AC generator output. The described AC generator may be transformed into a DC generator, substituting the contact rings by a mechanical switch. A simple switch may be done with a metal ring divided into two isolated halves (segments), which are mounted in the axis.
This type of commutator is denominated collector segment of the collector. When the loop rotates, an AC voltage is induced in the coil, exactly as in the AC generator. But, before reaching the oad, the induced voltage is transformed into a DC voltage by the collector, which works as a mechanical rectifier. The contact segments of the collector move to a different brush each half turn of the loop, keeping a unidirectional current flowing through the electrical load of the circuit. The rotation speed has to be well determined so that the final result is the expected one.
As stated before, the rotation speed influences the induced voltage amplitude and frequency. "U" shaped strong permanent magnet. The most challenging part to build was a contact rings and collector unit. It was ade of three printed circuit board disks, coaxially mounted on the rotating axis. The two smaller disks were kept with their entire conductive layer and were intended to supply the generated AC voltage. The conductive layer of the larger disk was cut into two halves, in order to implement the collector, which mechanically rectifies the generated AC voltage.
Instead of a simple loop, an iron core coil with 1241 turns of O,16mm2 varnished copper ire was used. A cross-section of this unit is shown, revealing how electrical connections were made: one terminal of the coil was connected to one of the smaller disks and to one of the halves of the larger disk (collector); the other terminal was connected to the other smaller disk and to the ther half of the larger one. In order to make the generator operate properly, the DC output brushes positions must be displaced by 1800 from each other.
The AC output brushes may be placed anywhere on the respective disks. Connecting the coil to the three coaxial printed circuit board disks power could be easily measured, some sort of mechanical power meter was needed and it was not available. There are always mechanical and electrical power losses in the process of ransforming mechanical energy into electric energy. Mechanical losses may be reduced by lubricating friction points. The generator was put to rotate at 3000RPM; the measured induced voltage was 1,2V peak-topeak, with a 50Hz frequency. . Conclusions Spinning a wire loop within a uniform magnetic field in a convenient fashion induces a voltage between the loop terminals. Rotation speed influences the induced voltage amplitude and frequency. If an electrical load is connected to the loop terminals, a current will be established in the circuit. The current generated by a basic electrical generator is alternating current. If the generator s intended to supply direct current, it must have a device working as a mechanical rectifier: the collector.
A device capable of generating both AC voltage and DC voltage has been presented. A coil attached to a shaft spins within the magnetic field ofa "U" shaped magnet. Three conveniently designed conductive disks allow either with alternating current or direct current. This device is very useful to illustrate the principles of electrical energy generation. It also shows the main similarities and differences between AC and DC generators: the working principle is the same for both machines, but the AC generator has contact rings and the DC generator has a collector.
Cite this Page
Electrical and Electronics. (2018, Jul 16). Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/electrical-and-electronics/
Run a free check or have your essay done for you
