Studies Related To Teaching Competency Education Essay

Aggarwal ( 1969 ) conducted a survey on measuring of competency of instructors of primary schools of M.P. the survey revealed more than 53 % of instructors were non intelligent plenty to be instructors and intelligence was significantly and positively related to capable cognition ( r= 0.42 ) ( two ) out of entire primary instructors 52.6 % did non like learning profession and their attitude was significantly related to competences of schoolroom instruction and ( three ) 70 % of the instructors passed in the 3rd division and about 50 % instructors did non possess equal cognition of topic to be able to learn competent.

George and Anand ( 1980 ) studied the consequence of microteaching on learning self- construct and learning competency of pupil instructors. The chief findings of the survey were:

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• There was important difference between the pre- trial and post- trial mean learning self concept tonss of the control group of pupil instructors.
• There was important difference between the pre- trial and post- trial mean learning self concept tonss of the experimental group of pupil instructors.
• There was important difference between the average addition tonss in learning competency of the control group and experimental group of pupil instructors. ( four ) Micro- instruction facilitated the sweetening of the learning ego construct of pupil instructors.
• Micro learning proved effectual in bettering the learning competency of pupil instructors.
• Micro- instruction intervention followed by summated scheme of integrating of learning accomplishments was found superior to micro learning intervention based on independent learning accomplishments in bettering the learning competency of pupil instructors.

Passi and Sharma ( 1982 ) studied learning competences of secondary school instructors in Indore. The findings of survey showed that:

• the competences identified were- giving assignments, loud reading, utilizing chalkboard, utilizing support, tempo, avoiding repeat, consolidating the lesson, covering with pupil responses, bettering students ' behaviour, audibleness, utilizing secondary support, acknowledging students ' go toing behaviour, showing verbal manner and switching centripetal channel.
• male and female instructors did non differ in competence. There was a important negative correlativity between the self perceptual experience of linguistic communication instructors and learning competence.
• there was a important positive relationship between instructors ' instruction competence and liking of their students of their instruction behavior.

Patel ( 1984 ) found that interactions with co-workers could better learning competence. His survey involved eight scientific discipline instructors spread over a period of six months and noted that the treatments and counsel from co-workers resulted in 11 % addition in the capacity for presentation and capacity for co- ordination of different learning accomplishments, in ability and wont of utilizing audio- ocular AIDSs for effectual instruction and addition in involvement in practical and written work of the student, and a 10 % addition in cognition of content.

Prakasham ( 1988 ) studied the instructor effectivity as a map of school organisational clime and instruction competence and found that:

• The unfastened school organisational clime positively affected both the instruction competence every bit good as instructor effectivity.
• Teachers of urban schools significantly excelled over instructors employed either in semi- urban and rural schools or schools located in industrial countries on both learning competence and instructor effectivity.
• Females scored constantly higher with and undistinguished difference in all types of schools ; categorizes in footings of district, direction type and organisational clime.
• There existed a important relationship between learning competence and instructor effectivity.

Rajguru ( 1988 ) conducted a survey of the function of schoolmasters of cardinal schools and primary corporation schools to propose redresss to better their competences. He found that:

• 64.5 % instructors were cognizant of their functions.
• 28 schoolmasters said that they observed 90.3 % of lesson and arranged theoretical account lessons besides.
• ( three ) Central schools schoolmasters guided the primary school schoolmasters in their work and besides visited them on a regular basis.
• They besides arranged seminars and workshops. However, they were non satisfied with the lesson observation work. This work was evaluated by the supervisor but there was no cooperation between them.
• Each cardinal school schoolmasters had to work for 45 hours in a hebdomad. Teaching was for 12 hours, lesson observation for 18 hours and 25 hours for other activities.

Choudhary ( 1990 ) investigated the relationship of the learning competences of 178 secondary school instructors with the student accomplishment. Teachers ' manner of structuring inquiries was of import in act uponing students ' wishing for instructors. Their instruction was observed on at least four separate occasions during 3 months of learning in schools. No important positive relationship was found between the positive attitude towards general pedagogical principals and any of the instruction competence. A hebdomad negative relationship was obtained between instructors ' attitude and relationship with kids. It was suggested that the fosterage of positive attitudes in pre- service instruction, pupil instructors towards general pedagogical rules, on the footing of patterns aimed at heightening students ' academic accomplishment might consequences in lower quality instruction because of its inauspicious consequence on pupil- instructors relationship.

Bassi and Kaur ( 1991 ) conducted a survey of the learning competence of linguistic communication instructors in relation to their job- satisfaction, venue of control and professional burnout. He found that:

• Language instructors had a moderate sense of personal achievement and success, and so they did non see any professional burnout.
• There was no difference between the instruction competence and occupation satisfaction of the instructors on the footing of venue of control.
• Female instructors, urban school linguistic communication instructors were found more externally controlled and satisfied with their occupations than the rural and high school linguistic communication instructors.
• There existed a positive correlativity between the step of occupation satisfaction and the standard steps of learning competence, professional burnout variables and standard steps of learning competence.

Thiagarajan et. Al. ( 1995 ) studied the relationship between instructor competence as perceived by pupils and accomplishment in Economics as a map of sex. Findingss revealed a important correlativity between learning competence and accomplishment. The magnitude of correlativity was different in male childs and misss.

Kaushal ( 2001 ) while analyzing the effectivity of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on a sample of 40 pupil instructors which every bit measured in footings of alteration in the schoolroom oppugning behaviour of pupil instructors and sweetening in learning competency reported that CQBT helps in heightening the learning competence of pupil instructors of experimental group as compared to command group of pupil instructors.

Farah ( 2002 ) studied in his comparative survey of learning competences of the instructors trained through the formal system of instruction and those through the distance instruction system. The findings indicate that there is no important difference between the cognition and attitudes of instructors trained through distance manner and those trained through the formal system terminal there is a important relationship between the attitudes and accomplishments of instructors.

Pushpam and Sourdarajan ( 2004 ) conducted a survey of learning competence of secondary school instructors and found that:

• instructors working in assisted and matriculation schools have better learning competence than instructors working in govt. and corporation schools.
• The learning competence of more experient instructors is better than the teaching competence of less experient.
• Aged and high income govt. instructors have better instruction competence. ( four ) Private unaided school instructors have better instruction competence and station alumnus have better learning competence than the alumnus instructors.
• Permanent instructors show better learning competence than impermanent instructors.
• Teachers with high income have better learning competence than instructors with low income.
• No difference was found between rural and urban school instructors sing their instruction competence.
• Positive attitude of instructors towards learning profession, occupation satisfaction of instructors and intelligence of pupils increase the learning competences of secondary school instructors.

Shokeen ( 2006 ) studied the consequence of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on learning competence of pupil instructors and their ego construct and found that the experimental group pupil instructors asked more inquiries in their schoolroom as compared to the control group. The CQBT was found to be a better scheme than the conventional programme, of pupil instruction as learning competence of pupil instructors was enhanced after CQBT. It was besides found that CQBT was non merely effectual in bettering the schoolroom oppugning behaviour of pupil instructors, but it besides helps in bettering their ego construct. The overall appraisal points towards the ultimate effectivity of CQBT and it provides a theoretical account for proof of instructor.

Smriti ( 2008 ) conducted a survey of creativeness in relation to learning competence of B.Ed. pupils and found that:

• There is no important difference between the creativeness of B.Ed. pupils belonging to rural and urban background. Therefore it is concluded that creativeness is non being affected by country or part.
• There is no important difference between the creativeness of male and female B.Ed. pupils. Hence creativeness is non being affected by gender.
• There is no important difference between the creativeness of B.Ed. pupils belonging to scientific discipline and humanistic disciplines watercourse. Therefore it is concluded that creativeness is non being affected by topics studied by pupils.
• There is positive correlativity between creativeness and learning competence of B.Ed. pupils.

Augustine, J. ( 2010 ) studied the 'Teaching Aptitude, Competency, Academic background and Achievement in Educational Psychology of Student- instructors in the college of instruction. ' A sample of 200 pupil instructors selected from 5 colleges of instruction in Kottayam Revenue territory of Kerala was used. The findings of the survey showed that:

• There is important positive relationship between learning competence and learning aptitude of pupil instructors.
• There is no consistent positive relationship between academic background and learning aptitude of pupil instructors.
• There is no important positive relationship between learning aptitude and accomplishment in educational psychological science.

Khatoon, Azeem and Akhtar ( 2011 ) studied the impact of different factors on learning competences at secondary degree in Pakistan. The survey investigated in to a descriptive research to critically reexamine of the impact of different factors on learning competences at secondary degree. The survey has defined female school instructor 's socio cultural jobs and environmental jobs.The chief aims of the survey were to happen out the female school instructors, socio cultural jobs, and Environment jobs and to mensurate the instruction competence of instructors by relationship between instructors and pupils. The undermentioned consequences were drawn by the research worker in the visible radiation of the analysis of the information. The largely households are in favours of female instructor 's occupation. The consequence proves that the female save the clip for domestic work due to hold half twenty-four hours occupation. The consequence proves that professional green-eyed monster is everyplace and largely it effects on their instruction competence.

Kavita ( 2011 ) studied the consequence of schoolroom oppugning behavior preparation on learning competence of pupil instructors, attitude towards learning and their ego construct. A close analysis of the consequences indicates that the CQBT was found to be better scheme, than the conventional programme, of pupil instruction as learning competency of pupil instructors was enhanced after CQBT. It was besides found that CQBT was non merely effectual in bettering the schoolroom inquiring of pupil instructors, but it besides helps in bettering their ego construct. The overall appraisal points towards the ultimate effectivity of CQBT and it provides a theoretical account for proof of instructor.

Pawar, I.A. ( 2011 ) studied the 'Impact of Teacher Training on Teacher Competencies ' . The findings of the survey showed that:

• There is no important difference between the average tonss on instructor competences graduated table of instructors who have trained through conventional and that of those instructors who have done instructor preparation through distance instruction manner in footings of their cognition and attitude.
• There is no important difference between the average tonss on instructor competences graduated table of male and female instructors who have trained through conventional every bit good as distance manner.

Surveies related to Psychological Capital:

Luthans and Youssef ( 2004 ) found that Authentic leaders ' assurance, hope and optimism roots from their strong beliefs in themselves, in their positive psychological capital and in doing clear to associates precisely what they need from them in order to accomplish sustainable growing and public presentation at single, squad, and/or organisational degrees. Such leaders besides recognize that they have failings, which they work to suit by environing themselves with highly capable followings and constructing an inclusive and engaged positive organisational context. Such contexts support followings for being actively involved in executing their occupation functions and duties, every bit good as in lending to the leader 's ain development.

Lifeng, Z. ( 2007 ) studied the 'Effects of Psychological Capital on Emplyoees ' occupation public presentation, organizational committedness and organisational citizenship behaviour. ' The consequence of the survey showed that after commanding for the demographic variables ( gender and age ) , emplyoees ' hope, optimism and resilience individually had positive impacts on their occupation public presentation, organisational committedness and organisational behaviour. Employees ' psychological capital ( a combined concept of hope, optimism and resilience ) had positive impacts on their occupation public presentation, organisational committedness and organisational citizenship behaviour. To sum up, this survey through empirical observation tested the positive relationship between psychological capital employees ' results. The research consequences indicated psychological capital had positive impacts on employees ' public presentation.

Luthans, Norman, Avolio, et.al. , ( 2008 ) conducted a survey on ' The mediating function of psychoogical capital in the supportive organisational climate- employee public presentation relationship. ' The survey investigates whether the late emerging nucleus concept of positive psychological capital ( dwelling os hope, resiliency, optimism and efficaciousness ) plays s function in interceding the effects of a supportive organisational clime with employee results. Using 3 diverse samples, consequences shows that employees ' psychological capital is positively related to their public presentation, satisfaction, committedness and a supportive clime is related to employees ' satisfaction and committedness.

Avey, Luthans and Youssef ( 2008 ) studied 'The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors ' . This survey of a sample of employees ( N=336 ) from a wide cross subdivision of organisations and occupations found that their state-like psychological capital is positively related to desired extra-role organisational citizenship behaviours ( OCBs ) and negatively with unsought organisational cynicism, purposes to discontinue and counterproductive workplace behaviours. Except for single OCBs, their psychological capital besides predicted alone discrepancy in the same attitudinal and behavioural results beyond their demographics, nucleus self-evaluation, and personality traits, and person-organization tantrum and person-job tantrum.

Avey, Luthans and Jensen ( 2009 ) studied the Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource for Combating Employees Stress and Turnover. The findings of the survey were ( I ) There was negative relationship between positive psychological capital and emphasis symptoms. ( two ) There was negative relationship between psychological capital and purposes to discontinue and occupation hunt behaviours severally. ( three ) Symptoms of emphasis would partly intercede the relationship between the psychological capital and both purposes to discontinue and occupation hunt behaviours.

Mathur and Tiwari ( 2011 ) studied the Positive Psychology Capital, E.Q. , and S.Q. as determiner of subjective well-being in executive adult females and found that subjective well being is every bit and strongly influenced by several factors but the major 1s include positive psychological capital, E.Q. and S.Q. It is apprehensible that individuals who have properties of positive psychological capital, E.Q. and S.Q. can successfully get by with emphasiss of life and such emphasiss are perceived as chances instead than challenges. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that Psychological Capital, Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence play a important function in the care of Subjective Well Being in executive adult females. It can be indirectly assumed that these adult females must besides be really high on self- efficaciousness, resiliency, optimism and hope.

Ravindranath ( 2011 ) explained the Life accomplishments as an attack in psychological capital in life and work scenes. He discussed that an intercession like life accomplishment s preparation are comprehensive including assorted countries like thought, behaviour and emotions. The concluding marks being self- consciousness, self- regard and accepting of others. In an person, life accomplishments develop over the old ages continuously in an active mode. There are many accomplishments, which are needed to successfully negociate each and every interaction. Expected learning results include a combination of cognition, values, attitudes and accomplishments with a peculiar accent on those accomplishments that are related to critical thought, and job resolution, self direction and communicating and inter- personal accomplishments. Further more life accomplishments evolved as a consequence of mental well being and wellness, so life accomplishments can be considered as an intercession scheme in positive psychological science and wellness.

Kaur ( 2012 ) studied the occupation satisfaction of secondary school instructors in relation to psychological capital. She found that:

• there was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of secondary school instructors.
• There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of govt. secondary school instructors.
• There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of private secondary school instructors.
• There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of male secondary school instructors.
• There was negative negligible relationship between occupation satisfaction and psychological capital of female secondary school instructors.

Surveies Related to Religious Intelligence:

Vaughan ( 2002 ) discussed that Spiritual intelligence is concerned with the interior life of head and spirit and its relationship with being in the universe. Religious intelligence implies a capacity for a deep apprehension of experiential inquiries and an penetration into multiple degrees of consciousness. Religious intelligence besides implies consciousness of spirit as the land of being or as the originative life force of development. If the development of life from stardust to mineral, veggie, animate being, and human being implies some signifier of intelligence instead than being a strictly random procedure, it might be called religious. Religious intelligence emerges as consciousness evolves into an ever-deepening consciousness of affair, life, organic structure, head, psyche, and spirit. Religious intelligence, so, is more than single mental ability. It appears to link the personal to the transpersonal and the ego to spirit. It goes beyond conventional psychological development. In add-on to self-awareness, it implies consciousness of our relationship to the transcendent, to each other, to the Earth and all existences. As a clinical psychologist, he farther explains that ''spiritual intelligence opens the bosom, illuminates the head, and inspires the psyche, linking the single human mind to the underlying land of being. Religious intelligence can be developed with pattern and can assist a individual distinguish world from semblance. It may be expressed in any civilization as love, wisdom, and service. ''

Mahajan ( 2011 ) studied the Academic Achievement in relation to Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence. A sample of 140 pupils analyzing in category Eleven from four schools of Hoshiarpur was taken for the aggregation of informations. The technique employed was multistage randomisation of bunchs at school and subdivision degree. B- Variate coefficients and t- ratios were used to analyze the information. The findings were:

• There exists no important difference between the emotional intelligence of male childs and misss.
• There exists no important difference between the religious intelligence of male childs and misss.
• There exists positive and important relationship between academic accomplishment and emotional intelligence of male childs and misss. Besides the relationship was found positive and important for male childs and misss individually.
• There exists positive and important relationship between academic accomplishment and Religious Intelligence of male childs and misss. Besides the relationship was found positive and important for male childs and misss individually.
• There exists positive and important relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence of male childs and misss.

Jeloudar and Goodarzi ( 2012 ) examined the relationship between instructors religious intelligent and their occupation satisfaction index at senior secondary schools degree. Participants were 177 pedagogues who completed the religious Intelligence Scale ( ECI ) , and a version of the Job Descriptive Index is a graduated table used to mensurate six major factors associated with occupation satisfaction based on a selected demographic variable. The findings of the survey showed that there were important relationship between instructors ' religious intelligence and their occupation satisfaction. The survey besides revealed that there was important difference found between instructors ' religious intelligence and their academic degrees. Further there were important relationship was found between instructors ' religious intelligence and five factors of occupation satisfaction: ( nature of the work itself, attitudes towards supervisors, dealingss with colleagues, chances for publicity, work status in the present environment ) , but no important relationship with one factor ( salary and benefit ) of occupation satisfaction.

Rastgar, Davoudi and Oraji ( 2012 ) conducted a survey in Mazandaran, a state in North of Iran, and aimed to analyse the function of emplyoees ' religious intelligence in perceptual experience of organisational justness. There were 1100 forces in Mellat bank. A sum of 366 questionnaire were distributed among the bank forces and 288 filled questionnaires were returned. The factor analysis and findings show that emplyoees ' religious intelligence has a important positive influence on perceptual experience of organisational justness. This determination implied that the higher the degree of emplyoees ' religious intelligence, tended to increase the degree of employees ; perceptual experience of organisational justness.

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