Biology Exam Questions and Answers List
- List the five characteristics all organisms on Earth share. The five characteristics all organisms share is: information, replication, evolution, cells, and energy (cerie).
- Explain why the first four are required for life. Cells allow things to go in and out of the organism (allows diffusion to happen so good things go in and bad things go out). Energy is required because it allows most functions and reactions to happen in the organism * Information: so your cells know what to do next( aka the things happening in your brain need information to learn). Replication: everything an organism does revolves around trying to replicate itself(meiosis).
- Differentiate heterotrophs and autotrophs. Heterotrophs: need to obtain energy from an outside source. Autotrophs: create energy and food for themselves Some reactions are exothermic because their PEreactants is Higher than PEproducts Understand that energy to sustain life is derived from chemical potential energyy. LOCS D. Relate the distance of electrons from their protons to the concept of chemical potential energy. The further electrons are from their protons, the more PE they have (PE is stored energy, so the distance is increased and is further meaning it’ll have more want to go closer to the oppositely attacted nucleus).
- Define exergonic and endergonic chemical reactions. Exergonic reactions: happen spontaneously (don’t need any source of energy to happen) Endergonic need energy from the outside to create the reaction heat has been released to the environment. ReactantsPE greter than PEproducts(PE dropped so Exergoinic) The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy needed for an endergonic reaction. Acquire Energy=Endergonic Rxn…Pi is transferred to a phosphate group.
- Classify the hydrolosis of ATP as either endergonic or exergonic. Hydrolysis of ATP is exergonic (energy is released) the ATP outermost phosphate groups is broken…energy is created.
- Classify the the phosphorylation of a substrate by ATP as either endergonic or exergonic.. phosphorlyation is exergonic because the electrons in ADP and the Pi have so much less PE than they did in the ATP.. phospholyation is the addition of a phosphate group to s substeate…it adds negative charge to a protein the electrons in the protein change configuration (the molecules overall shape).
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