Essays on Nokia

Nokia is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company founded in 1865. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2014, Nokia employed 61,656 people across 120 countries, did business in more than 150 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €12.73 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. Nokia's shares are listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.Nokia is a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry, having assisted in the development of both GSM and CDMA standards. Nokia's earliest foray into the telecommunications industry came in 1967, with the establishment of a joint venture with Finnish Cable Works, called Mobira Oy. This venture launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network. In 1979, Nokia launched the Mobira Senator car phone, which was Nokia's first mobile phone.In the 1980s, Nokia began developing digital switching technology, which laid the foundation for the company's future core businesses. In 1982, Nokia launched the world's first fully digital cellular system, the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system. In 1987, Nokia introduced the world's first portable GSM handset, the Mobira Cityman 900, which weighed 900 grams (2 pounds).In the early 1990s, Nokia expanded into the mobile phone market with the launch of the Nokia 1011, the world's first hand-held GSM phone. In 1992, Nokia launched the world's first portable GSM phone, the Nokia 5110. In 1993, Nokia introduced the Nokia 2100 series, the world's first phones with integrated personal digital assistants (PDAs). In 1994, Nokia introduced the Nokia 9000 Communicator, the world's first mobile phone with integrated email and Internet access.In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Nokia was the world's leading mobile phone manufacturer. In 1998, Nokia launched the Nokia 3210, the world's best-selling phone. In 1999, Nokia launched the Nokia 7110, the world's first WAP-enabled phone. In 2000, Nokia launched the Nokia 6210, the world's first GPRS-enabled phone.In the early 2000s, Nokia began to experience difficulties as a result of the increasing competition from other mobile phone manufacturers, such as Samsung and Motorola. In 2003, Nokia announced a major restructuring of the company in an effort to return to profitability. In 2005, Nokia sold its mobile phone business to Microsoft. In 2014, Nokia announced that it would return to the mobile phone market with a new line of Android-powered smartphones.