Essays on Microeconomics

Hard Core Cartels Cartel refers to a group of firms producing substitute goods that collude or conspire to increase prices and its own profits, by lowering production and/or sharing markets or customers. Below shows examples of recent price fixing cases from various countries. (Figure 1) …

The oligopoly market structure is of the form that is dominated by a small number of sellers yet an enormous purchasing population. Due to an existence of this nature, each oligopolist is aware of the actions and strategies employed by his competitors. This is particularly …

The investment bankers have been the subject of more industry analysis than has the overall broker-industry. Investment baking concerns the public issuance of security. The investment banker is the middleman between the issuing company and the investor. Investment banking firms perform two general functions. For …

Introduction 20th century is the era of rapid technological development, scientific and technological progress and development has brought great innovation to people’s daily life. The most significant change is the development of Internet technology. This essay will look at online retailing and consumer motivation for …

The correlation coefficient between stock returns for two non-overlapping periods should be zero. If not, one could use returns from one period to predict returns in later periods and make abnormal profits. 2. No. Microsoft’s continuing profitability does not imply that stock market investors who …

Revenue is often simplified in economics or basic finance projections to “Price x Quantity” (the price of a good times the number of goods sold) though it is rarely this simple in actuality. Net revenue (revenue – returns) is used when sales returns are a …

Analyses of the political and legal on-going activities in the country are also very important. This is particularly important to judge the government and legal attitude towards the foreign brands; primarily answering the questions such as: Is the government supporting foreign brands/investment? Is the government …

Company Overview United Breweries Limited (UBL) – has assumed undisputed market leadership with a national market share in excess of 50%. Through a process of aggressive acquisition and market penetration, The UB Group today controls 60% of the total manufacturing capacity for Beer in India. …

Political and Legal Forces – The European Commission wants to assist new European footwear manufacturers into the market by imposing a combination of quotas and tariffs on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. This may push production costs higher as cheap labour may not be …

Shoot Analysis Strengths: Sara’s product is very fashionable due to the strong team of design and there is a strict control over the supply chain since design till produce and deliver, which the company will ensure that it meets the customers’ satisfaction at the end. …

A stock market or equity market is a public (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete) entity for the trading of company stock (shares) and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well …

Marketing is broad based activities involve the strategies surrounding the planning, designing, pricing, promotion, distribution of  goods to satisfy and meet the needs of customers. The centre focus of marketing activities is built around the customers. Thus, the marketing 4Ps (product, pricing, promotion, and place) …

Strollers and prams are used to carry babies. There are different types of strollers and prams depending on the weight and age of a child. Specifically, prams are used to carry infants in a lying position, while strollers are used to carry babies aged 1-4 …

QUESTION 1 Externalities in this situation exist where the Government, Country or Private Organisation decides to launch a new satellite causing costs and benefits to other members of society which do not impact on the G,C or PO. Such externalities include: Hazard to the useful …

Movement along the demand curve: There are many factors determining demand- the prime one being price. Price and quantity are the two components which form the demand curve. Any change in these two variables doesn’t cause a shift in the demand curve but a movement …

Introduction 2007 was dubbed the year the current financial recession started. Initially signs developed with the bailout of Northern Rock in August 2007, later to unfold to becoming a world financial crisis. Alarming features of this crisis was the collapse of big investment banks such …

6. The common sense of principle that defines the generally observed relationship between demand, supply, and prices: as increases the price goes up, which attracts new suppliers who increase in supply bringing the price back tom normal. However, in the marketing of high price (prestige) …

Introduction: Milton Friedman was an American economist as well as being a public intellectual. He was born in 1912 and died at the age of 94 in 2006. He was an ardent advocate of economic freedom as well as personal liberty. Before his death Friedman …

The concept of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) market was originally developed by C.K. Prahalad in “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid” to highlight a large potential market made up of a large segment of the world’s population that has, until recently, …

The effectiveness of a brand is in its ability to gain wide recognition, and ultimately to gain brand franchise. Three major car manufacturers: Audi, BMW, Mercedes have used branding to create worldwide recognition of their products. Interestingly, all three companies are originally European based and …

Managerial economics merge microeconomic theory with quantitative tools to help managers in making managerial decisions to solve various organizational problems (Michael, 1997). Major microeconomic analysis that helps managers in making decisions is Elasticity analysis (ibid, 1997). Through the use of Elasticity analysis, managers have been …

Panera Bread would like to announce a new cyber-cafe available at all locations. This product has been upgraded to assist the growing desire for a full service Internet accessibility location. A plan consisting of four-phases has been developed to market the new product. Currently most …

1.  Vitamins segmentation can be done under two factors of demographic segmentation: age and life-cycle stage and gender. For example: many companies have vitamins for kids that taste fruity and come in an assortment of colors compared to the vitamins for adults. Vitamins are also …

In the case study there are three growth options facing Non Stop Yachts in 2003, Discuss and compare the pros and cons of each option and make a recommendation on which option to chose for the future. As indicated in the case the Non Stop …

Environmental Forces – the uncontrollable social, economic, technological, nominative, and regulatory forces that affect the results of a marketing decision. Customer Value – Buyer’s benefits, including quality, convenience, on-time delivery, and before- and after-sale service at a specific price. Marketing Program – A plan that …

Introduction The foreign exchange market is truly global and one of the most important ones in the world. The foreign exchange transaction refers to exchange of one country’s currency with another country’s currency for economic reasons. As a result it is always better to understand …

A bank is an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other financial services. Banks accept deposits and make loans or make an investment to derive a profit from the difference in the interest rates paid and charged, respectively. In India the …

Economic turns influence almost all industries around the globe. However, if ? specific company can deal with economic pressures by marketing their differentiating attributes, ? hotel can survive. Furthermore, in order to become successful within this industry one must examine several outlying forces. For instance, …

As every organization strives to satisfy their customer needs, the optimisation of their supply chain management, which deals with the total flow of materials from supplier to end users (Jones and Riley, 1985), is an essential part of tapping the full potential of a business …

Price Elasticity of Demand is used to measure the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to the change in price. It is measured by the percentage of change in quantity over the percent change in price [% ? in quantity demanded/ % ? in price]. Price …