Demand Side Management

Abstract

This paper introduces the concepts of Demand Side Management(DSM) and the various areas it involves. The interest and necessity of DSM in TNEB are explained in the context of a number of much wider developments in the power sector. It presents a framework for DSM Techniques and factors for reducing T&D losses in TNEB. This explains various methods adopted for Energy Conservation in various sectors and helps to prevent global warming. DSM Demand Side management is the process through which a power utility manages the demand for power among all its Customers to meet its current or future needs.

DSM is an effective tool for improving energy efficiency and promoting energy conservation. The problems of the Indian power sector including TNEB traced to three root issues.

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1. High T & D Losses.
2. Large commercial losses (Metering, Billing, Collection)
3. Low-end - used efficiency of energy use. TNEB it facing peak Power capacity shortages as well as energy shortages.

Nowadays in TNEB

The chronic power shortages have resulted in involuntary load shedding and interruptions.

Concept of DSM

DSM comprises all planning implementing, and monitoring activities and measures designed to improve efficient use of energy and encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of energy use. DSM involves Using existing energy more efficiently. Reduction of total quantity of energy consumed by users through better load management. Minimizing losses in the Distribution network. Technology substitution. Shift demand from peak to off-peak times. Enhancing energy efficiency. The TNEB has ample motivation to pursue demand management to the extent that it can:

• Improve service
• Increase revenue
• Decrease cost

Benefits of DSM customer

Lower bills due to lower tariffs.

Society: Capital freed for her projects.

Utility: Lower cost of service reduced cost of power. DSM Techniques The three concerns of DSM Techniques are nowadays adopted in TNEB Load curve modification TOD meters. Three shift operation and staggered off day.

Load curve modification

1. Peak clipping-System peak load reduction at specific periods.
2. Valley filling-Building the load during off-peak hours.
3. Conservation-Modification of the load shape through conservation.
4. Load building-Balance of the load so that demand from different users peaks at different times.
5. Load shifting-Shifting load from on-peak to off-peak periods TOD METERS Installation of Time of day (TOD) Electronic meters would help in flattening the load curve by way of giving incentives/penalties to consumers during off-peak / peak hours respectively. Now above 25 HP industrial services are provided TOD meters in TNEB. Three-shift operation and staggered off day Encourage the industrial consumers for three-shift operation and staggered off days to reduce the demands.

Reduction of t & d losses

Now the T & D losses in TENB are around 18% it should be reduced within 10% of the standard. The factors reducing T & D Losses are

1. Network Reconfiguration.
2. Strengthening of Conductors.
3. Erection of Transformers at the load center.
4. Load Balancing.
5. Improve joints and connections.
6. Laying Additional Linklines.
7. Increases HT: LT Ratio.
8. Proper Maintenance of the Distribution Network.

Energy conservation in domestic

Use only energy-efficient (star-rating) Appliances. Use only wires and appliances that have I. S. I. mark. Wiring must be carried out only by licensed electricians. Do not use flexible wires for long distances. Maintain properly the electrical appliances and wiring. Use compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of ordinary bulbs. It gives greater light and reduced consumption 5 times. The economy in the use of water will reduce the consumption of electricity. Provide Electronic ballasts to the tube lights. Provide Electronic regulators to the fans. Use microwave ovens heater for cooking purposes. Avoid opening the refrigerator door frequently. Don’t put hot things in to the refrigerator. Use voltage stabilizers for the electrical equipment. Don’t use the power loads during peak hours. Switch off the lights & fans while leaving the room or house. Avoid using decorative lamps. Avoid switching on the water heater the previous night for the requirement of hot - water in the next early morning. Utilise sun-lights to the maximum extent.

A well-planned house with a number of windows and good ventilation reduces energy consumption.

Energy conservation in industries

• Don’t use motors of higher capacity than required.
• Use required I. S. shut connectors separately for each motors to maintain power factors.
• Maintain the machines and appliances properly and regularly.
• Change the worn-out bearings and avoid wearing - them out due to friction.
• Ensure that the motor belts are in proper tightness.
• Use different motors using instead of a single high-horsepower motor for different purposes.
• Use high-efficiency pumps and blowers.
• If monthly consumption exceeds 10,000 units energy audit is necessary.
• Periodically modernizing the appliances is essential.

Energy conservation in agriculture

Replacement of inefficient agricultural pumps by newly Developed energy efficient pump set. Adopt water conservation principles. Provide shunt capacitors to the motors. Avoid unnecessary additional loads. Use P. V. C. pipes instead of steel pipes. Avoid bends and leaks in the pipes. Don’t operate the motors in two phases. Don’t use the low-power factor rewound motors.

Energy audit

It is verification, monitoring, and analysis of the use of energy including the submission of technical reports containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit reducing energy consumption

Concept of energy audit

Determine how and where energy is being used or converted from one form to another. Identify opportunities to reduce energy usage and prevent energy losses. Energy Auditing involves Identifying energy losses. Segregating the losses into technical and commercial losses. Estimating the energy conservation potential of a system. Save Energy! Save Nation!

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