Understanding Childrens Development

During early adolescence, precursors to formal operational thinking appear, including a limited ability to think hypothetically and to take multiple perspectives. During middle and late adolescence formal operational thinking becomes well developed and integrated in a significant percentage of adolescents. I Social I Attachment to the primary caregiver, most often to be mother.

Develop affectionate and trusting relationships with other family members and with adults outside the family. The child can also be engaged in simple games and plays.

Developing relationships with other children.

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Parallel play is apparent. Role-playing socially. Developing confidence of toilet training.

The child expands social relationships outside the family and develops interactive and cooperative play skills with peers. The child begins to understand, explore, imitate, and practice social oleos. The child learns concepts of "right" and "wrong" and begins to understand the nature of rules. He experiences guilt when he has done something wrong. Relationships outside the family increase in importance, including the development of friendships and participation in a peer group.

The child imitates, learns, and adopts age-appropriate social roles, including those that are centerpieces. The child develops an understanding of rules and understand how these impact social relationships and activities. Peer centered relationships now of high importance. Peer acceptance of great importance to self esteem. An interest developing in sexual relationships, experimenting may start to occur. Peer groups begin to separate in those of attraction, mutual interests and more closely bonded friendships made. The youth experiments with social roles and explores options for career choice.

Emotional Moral Identity

Development of basic trust, a derivative of the positive attachment between the infant and the primary caretaker, occurs during the first year. This is a cornerstone of emotional development. Ability to control oneself in a given environment. Developing rudimentary oscilloscope - displaying pleasure at being 'good', yet shame, upset, distress and embarrassment at being 'bad'. Initially no moral development, as baby but shows needs by crying, cooing, smiling etc. No understanding of right or wrong, starts to understand yes/ no.

Can have tantrums and sudden mood changes, burst of energy. Although understanding of directions can choose to ignore. Begin to understand right from wrong but do not understand consequence. Babies developing a sense of trust with main care givers that provide security warmth and inform. Child begins to develop sense of failure, success and how these impact feelings. The preschool child has been described as "on the make. " The child is intrusive, takes charge, is very curious and continually tries new things, actively manipulates the environment, and is self-directed in many activities.

The child's ability to understand "right" and "wrong" leads to self-assessments and affects the development of self-esteem. Child looks for adult approval, and begin to understand rules and consequence. A child would be eager to please and succeed Ana proud AT accomplishments aimed that was not desired. However may Ill or Alamo toner when a response Is A child is learning to enforce power and control over what they do, what others do around them and their environment. I Now becoming confident and Selfridges. Now starting to attempt to start targets and goals and reaching them.

The child is developing a better sense of herself as an individual, with likes and dislikes and special areas of skill. The child evaluates her worth by her ability to perform. Selfsame is largely derived from one's perceived abilities Children begin to dictate rules and directions and are quick to inform n adult if they are broken. They are aware of how their actions will face different consequences. Can have difficulty in admitting failure or accepting mistakes have been made. Eager to please parents an caregivers. A child begins to cope with academic demands and needs and how success leads to feelings of accomplishment and competence.

A very vulnerable stage for emotional stress. Acceptance of peers strengthens or can weaken self-esteem. Frequent and undetermined mood swings may occur. Self assessment and reflection becoming common. Self identity becoming more prevalent. Understand fair treatment and why rules need to be in place. Can be most concerned over the feelings of others. Able to weigh up options to come to their own decisions. Experience many feelings, happiness, anger, sorrow and isolation. Feeling may cause confusion and child rebelling on the rules. Developing sense of personal and self identity.

Lots of trial and error at this stage leading to success and failure, developing pleasure and being oneself and also confusion and weakened self identity. Ability to develop needs and making suitable decisions to follow. An understanding of the difference between rate of development and sequence of development is important when analyzing any form of development in children and young people. Sequence of development is when there is a definitive pattern to development like a baby learning to sit and balance before he or she can crawl, or a toddler learning to walk before he or she can run.

The sequencing of development assists you to prepare and plan effectively and at the right time in anticipation of the next development stage to be reached. Rate of development is however, when individuals reach certain targets or milestones ND at the speed of which they do so, and is also about recognizing and identifying any concerns in development and how you can adapt and assist learning and development. There may be many reasons why a child/ young person's development may not follow a typical pattern of development.

Some of these reasons could be disabilities, resources available, cultures, facilities and equipment. I nerve cool a De many possible restrictions on development Owe to Leaseholds, sun as, physical disability and not being able to use certain parts of the body to aid mobility ND therefore restricting access to facilities, resources and hands on approach learning. Speech and language disabilities, and not being fully able to express needs, wants and requirements. Emotional lack of development could involve a lack of confidence, resulting in difficulties mixing, bonding with others and trusting those around them.

Therefore proving to cause difficulties in the obstruction and restriction of emotional attachments. Some youngsters who struggle with emotional development may find that they prefer their own company and find it difficult if other people enter their arsenal space. If a child has witness very strong emotional attachments as they grow up they are likely to demonstrate this as they grow and development and the same goes for those who have witnessed little emotion or negative emotion and also physical, mental, emotional, sexual abuse and neglect. 2. There are many personal factors that can influence children's and young people's Disability, Learning Difficulties and Sensory Impairment can fall hand in hand with influencing a person's development, as many disabilities can prevent a person from having full access to environments and situations. This may be due to the physical impossibility of being able to Join in, in activities for example not being mobile, not having full use of all senses so not being able to see or hear what is going on around them, and also being unable to communicate and understand their surroundings.

In child care settings the utmost is done to ensure children and given as much an opportunity as possible to enable them to participate in all aspects of the day however at time it will almost be totally unavoidable that a person wont gain as much out of a given situation as a fully abele child. The health of a person could also influence development, again possibly restricting access for a person to engage, Join and participate in given situations and activities. During early childhood children undergo extremely rapid growth which can be very highly influenced by the environment surrounding them.

Many challenges that are faced by adults in later life can be backtracked to early childhood and the experiences of a child, some of these challenges being, heart disease, mental health issues, obesity and poor literacy and innumeracy skills. There are many external factors which can influence the development of a child/ nouns person, some of which being; A Family History of Abuse and/ Or Neglect, Behavior of the Mother During Pregnancy, Looked After/ Care Status, Education, Personal consoles, Background. TTY Ana Deprivation Ana I-amply Environment Ana A mothers behavior during pregnancy can have an impact on the development of a child not Just during the pregnancy but ongoing into childhood, teenage year and into adult life. Researchers have formed a link between the children of mothers who were particularly stressed during pregnancy with a higher incidence of behavioral and mental problems. The stress hormone cortical is released into the amniotic fluid in the womb which can also have an effect on the brains of the unborn baby possibly affecting their future social skills, language or memory skills.

History of Abuse or/and Neglect can also have an impact as children are vulnerable due to them being reliant on adults to provide the basis of life, needs and requirements for a developing child. Child who find themselves sufferers of abuse or even in care can very often have low self esteem, may be angry and unhappy, find it difficult to relate to peers and often gain the attention they require in negative ways ND can regularly be quite rebellious.

Family environment will also have an impact on the development of a child as if they have been given no guidance of life goals they will find it difficult to determine correct morals, like knowing right from wrong. A child's basic health needs could then also be affected which would also have a negative impact on their day to day life in school, maybe suffer from lack of sleep, hunger, poor hygiene etc. Children with parents with drug or alcohol dependencies, or low income families may also risk making the wrong decisions themselves leading to possible danger due to to having the ideal role model to look up to and give guidance. . The Framework used to support development: Social Pedagogy - this is about the holistic approach towards well-being and education and is a shared responsibility between parents, caregivers and society as a whole. It prepares children and young people to develop and accept what is expected of them and how to be accepted in society. This assists them in gaining skills in learning, physical skills and coping with emotions and dealing with them effectively. Thus aiming to teach youngsters how to become an accepted and valued ember of society today.

This may lead to a change in attitude and behavior, based on understanding and ability to cope. Bandeau believes that 'social learning as individual learning that takes place in a social context and is hence influenced by social norms, e. G. , by imitating role models'. By imitating role models it shows that we are able to take on new information and have a broader knowledge and social understanding. Freud based his psychoanalytical theory on how the human mind works and how personalities are formed. He states that past experiences, thoughts and feelings happen their future.

He also believes that there are factors that people are unaware of that influence their thoughts, feelings, actions, beliefs and understandings such as unconscious thoughts, feeling and experiences. Psychoanalytical Theory is based upon an idea that how a child copes with certain developmental stages they go through will have an impact on their adult life. This is why a child having a positive start in life where needs are met, a child thrives and to develop and understand emotions will then have a positive impact on the youngster growing into a stable

Pigged and Viscosity believe that children learn from hands on experiences. Viscosity stressed the importance of social interaction with peers insisting that children can guide and assist each other in learning new things and developing existing skills pretty much in the same way as adults. He states that an holistic way of developing is through play, and how child led play can develop language, imagination and play skills. Strong relationships are vitally important as a child reaches that later stages of development. Positive relationship are valued and make the child feel valued and comfortable. Velveteen of children and young people. To assist in the best start for a child early identification of any possible development delay would be essential to ensure that any additional help or support is put in place at the earliest possible time. Whilst early identification is crucial, one must also take care not to label a child hastily, without adequate investigation. It is therefore important for parents and teachers to be sensitive to the characteristics that may be indicative of an underlying developmental disorder or delay.

It is useful to be familiar with some of the characteristics that could help identify a child with a developmental delay or disorder, in their early years. Given below are some of the characteristics that might help you identify a preschool child with a developmental delay or disorder

• Inconsistent response to being called by his or her name
• Inconsistent response to sounds and simple verbal commands
• Good response when instructions are given one on one, but poor response when a general instruction is given. Speech is not clear or is understood only by parents
• Over activity or hyperactivity - inability to pay attention, sit at a place; sustain an activity as compared to peers
• Disruptive behavior in the classroom - screaming, pinching, pushing, running around without apparent cause
• Interactive or hypoactive - does not participate in classroom activities like his peers. Does not show interest in or interact and play with peers Does not initiate activities or conversation spontaneously
• Reacts inappropriately to touch, movement, sound or light
• Is poor in imitating actions and words
• Seems to be in a world of his own and talks or laughs to himself If any particular child is causing doubt or concern then the correct channels of offering should be followed and there are always people available to discuss issues with as and when they arise.

Speaking to the parent is also an essential part of assessment as from personal experience a child that I considered possible speech and language delay, actually spoke very confidently and clearly to parents yet Just chose not to talk at all in the setting environment. If possible delays are not recognized early on, risks can arise as a child progresses through schooling and into adult life. There may be problems with behavior, understanding and acceptance of rules and directions.

A child would not necessarily be having the level of education and learning that they require to progress effectively, Ana may not De addle to access teen Tactless Tanat teen n develop. Dependent on which type of delay a child could also be put at risk of being injured or hurt do to lack of understanding of rules for safety, physical delay could result in physical injury IEEE, falling, slipping , losing balance etc.

As the spectrum of developmental delays is so vast it is vital that any concerns are raised as soon as possible to try and prevent any further problems arising and to get he best suitable support and start for the individual. The sooner referrals to other agencies are made the sooner the ball is rolling to identify if there is a problem and how best to deal with and even overcome. In child care there are many different agencies that work together to ensure the best for the children, lots of information would be shared between these different agencies including any concerns of children with suspected developmental delays. Some of the other agencies and professionals that would work together in identifying, referring and supporting children with suspected developmental delays are, Social Workers, Health Visitors, Flying Start Advisory Team, Early Years Practitioners, The Early Years Forum and Speech and Language Therapists.

In my day to day role myself and my staff team would observe and acknowledge all children in the setting and monitor any concerns that we may have, IEEE, a child who has limited speech yet makes lots of sounds, was referred to Speech and Language Therapist, who agreed that there was a delay and advised us of how to address certain issues to provide that child with the best possible opportunities but also advised of any other things that we may need to be aware of, upon doing this we came aware of the child's lack of spatial awareness and after seeking further advice on this from the Flying Start Advisory Team this child is now being referred to the Early Years Forum, to be discussed of what steps are to be taken next and what support can be put in place. These other agencies aren't only used for the children with possible delays but are used to develop daily care provision provided by the setting and share ideas on how things can be improved, developed upon and maintained. An ideal way of assisting the developing child no matter what stage of placement they are at is providing access to many play and leisure activities. All activities should be made available to individuals regardless of abilities and should be adapted to suit to enable equal access. Play and leisure activities would give all children the opportunity to interact socially and therefore learn to develop social skills, communication skill and emotional development skills. These activity opportunities would also give the chance to develop independence and self help skills, and those unable to do things for themselves can still have the feeling of being integrated with others and feeling part f a group/ activity and the outcomes.

A developing child is constantly learning and will get lots out of activities with textures, sounds, smells etc, if a delayed child is engaging in an activity but has some kind of sensory impairment then it would be vital to adapt the activity to the senses Tanat teen Uninominal can use most e experience. Adjectively to gain teen most out AT a given people's development. A child may endure many stages of transition during their early years, not only moving from different setting IEEE, nursery to school, but also many outside factors also. Each child reacts differently to transition, some coping extremely well, whilst others may struggle with each new challenge that they face. As a child settles into the first childcare experience. For some maybe preschool and others when they turn 3 and gain their nursery school placement.

It is important for a child to have as much continuity that is possible to provide to ensure their settling in period goes as smoothly as possible, however a repeated change in the care giver can at time feel most traumatic for the youngster, as they build a sense of trust, it feels to them that it s take away and that they have to start all over again. Physical types of transition, can be as detailed above changing care givers, developing from preschool care to schooling or even a repeated change in school, if the family were to move around frequently. It may feel that as soon a child begins to feel settled then they are uprooted again and have to settle in all over again in a new setting. It could also be the unsettled of moving houses/ areas, this could make a child feel out of place and lost, however some children would deal with these with little or no concern whatsoever.

Emotional transition can also play a part in affecting the child or young person, they may have suffered a bereavement, again which could leave a child feeling lost or incomplete, possibly making the child withdraw and isolate themselves as they begin to understand what has happened, what is the consequence and how they are to move on.

During all stages of transition positive relationships for the children and young people are a vital part of assisting adapting to change runs as smoothly as possible. All children and young people need to have developed strong attachments as the theorist Bowl has explained. They need trust, consistency and a good bonding whether it is with their key worker, teacher, parent or caregiver etc having someone that they can trust will make transitions easier for the child. Children with positive relationships on transitions can have long term positive impacts of their ability to cope and be more resilient.

They are likely to be more successful academically and socially they will feel cared for, valued and respected their learning development will continue instead of dip. They will feel more confident to explore and have higher self esteem and confidence so feeling more relaxed. Children will feel able to make new friendships. Young people might feel they need guidance and will not be afraid to ask for help even on the more sensitive topics in life. If a child has good transitions early in life this will make it easier for transitions later on in life as they progress towards adulthood. Outcome - unreason now agelessly, monitoring Ana recording teen development of children and young people informs the use of interventions. There are many ways in which we monitor, assess and record children's development within a childcare setting and many of these are used continually wrought the day, on a daily basis and information shared accordingly. Information sharing is a major factor that we use whether that being information collated by other staff members, information we are given from parents and careers or the individual themselves as well as information given by other professionals and outside agencies that may be involved with the child/ family. In the setting itself, amongst the staff team we use a communication book to keep each other informed of any information that has been shared with ourselves, this may be in person, over the phone or via documents and we each take responsibility or keeping ourselves up to date with the relevant information.

Observation will also be made on a daily basis and we use post-it notes to attach to the Learning Journeys of the individual children so they Key Worker can update the observations accordingly in the file. This way we share responsibility for the findings in the Learning Journeys, as you are not able to spend all the time with Just your key children. Myself and my deputy who is the SENSE for the setting also take responsibility for carrying out half termed Group Screening, of all the children in our setting and these re monitored with referrals made to the relevant outside agencies and Flying Start Advisory Team as and when required, we monitor these 6 weekly and create a Goals For Action Plan for those children that potentially have delays or Just difficulty adapting to the setting and those around them.

There are many types of interventions that can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the pattern which is normally expected in a setting, some of these are: Social Workers - who are there to help vulnerable children, young people and their implies, these may include children on the 'at risk or 'child protection' registers, or those with special needs. Speech and Language - who help to enable a child to gain the ability to use language and develop self esteem and confidence. Giving a child an opportunity to now express themselves and there enable them to fit in easier. The SENSE - used to give the support to children and their families with special needs, this person also take responsibility for assisting in the identification of possible special needs.

• A Psychologist - a professional who helps to support and advise children with both behavior and learning difficulties, they will provide care givers with support programmed once a child or young persons needs have been identified.
• A Health Visitor/ Nurse Specialist - provides the child and family with ongoing support measuring and assessing a child's development and providing specialized support if a child suffers a particular medical condition.

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