Foreign Scientists and Their Contribution in Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier was born in the year 1743 to a wealthy family and inherited a huge fortune at the age of five after the demise of his mother. A noble man by profession has contributed a lot in both chemical and biological science. Antoine Lavoisier is the first person to term Oxygen and Hydrogen and also was the first one to establish that sulphur is not a compound but an element. He was the first person to determine that air is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. His other contribution includes researches in the field of quantitative chemistry. Amedeo Carlo Avogadro” Amedeo Carlo Avogardro was born in Italy in 1776 and his main contribution was in the field of relative molecular mass. He established the relationship between the masses of different gasses at the same volume and their corresponding molecular weights. His more noted contribution was the Avogadro law where he established the molar particle number to be exactly equal to 6. 022 x 1023. “Niels Henrik Bohr” Niels Henrik Bohr was born in the year 1885 in Copenhagen to a professor of physiology Christian Bohr.
Niels Bohr grew up in an atmosphere conducive for academic brilliance. He contributed in the understanding of the atomic structure and the quantum mechanics related to it. “Robert Millikan” Robert Millikan the American Physicist was born in 1868 has contributed in the field of photoelectric effect and is more famous for his work on the mass of electron and its charge by the charge oil droplet in an electric field method. This contribution played a vital role in the foundation of chemical studies in later years. “Ernest Rutherford”
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Ernest Rutherford, the New Zealand born (1871) British scientist contributed a lot in chemical studies by discovering the three radioactive particles alpha (positive), beta (negative) and gamma (neutral) rays by passing a radioactive ray through a magnetic field and then categorizing these according to the deflection by positive plate, negative plate and the ones which went through without deflections. “J J Thomson” J J Thomson the British scientist born in 1856 is attributed for the discovery of electron and its properties.
This atomic particle was discovered when he placed the cathode tube in a magnetic field and found that these particles are negatively charged and that each of these had a mass ratio of 1. 759 E8 coulombs per gram. “Willam Crookes” William Crookes the British chemist born in 1832 used the vacuum tube made by Heinrich Geisslar to discover cathode rays and hypothesized that there are rays which emanated from the cathode and caused the zinc sulphide to fluoresce which he had used as a coating on one end of the tube.
Wilhelm Roentgen the German scientist born in 1895 was the pioneer in producing and detecting the electromagnetic radiation within a range of wavelength better known as X rays. These rays were discovered while he was researching the glow produced by cathode ray tube. “Marie Curie” Marie Curie the French Polish Chemist - physicists was born in 1867 is the pioneer in radioactivity research.
She discovered the radioactive particles Uranium and Thorium and later another couple of elements Polonium and Radium and all within the same Pitchblend. “Enrico Fermi “ Enrico Fermi the Italian born American scientist in the year 1901 is remembered for his contribution to nuclear fission. This was accomplished when he bombarded the Uranium with neutrons. “James Chadwick” James Chadwick the British scientist born in 1891is attributed for the discovery of neutron.
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