Philosophy is both a subject and a method. On the subject side, it can be divided into four main divisions. They are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic.
Metaphysics is the further study of reality beyond physics and ultimately the nature of the universe – like science, yet, unlike any science. It focuses on the basics and principles of things and the concept such as time, mind, space, souls, cause, etc. Some sample questions are: Can we go back in time? Is it possible to understand someone’s mind? Do souls ever last after death? Is there karma?
Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It covers the concept of belief, truth, logic, reasoning, etc. Questions being asked: How is knowledge developed? Can we change someone’s belief?
Axiology is the study of value, and things that are valuable, and how those values come into society. It consists of the actual value of a thing and moral value also known as ethics. Ethics usually involves judgments, obligations, personal experiences, and theories.
Logic is the study of reasoning – where things make sense. It looks into how and when things happen, like a path of thinking that guides you to a start and endpoint of things. Questions involve are: Is there a rule for logic/reasonings? Does everything happen for a reason?
Philosophy can also be a method of thinking. In order to be a philosophical question, the topic being discussed must fall under one or all of the following: intractable, explosive, and thought-provoking. Philosophical methods require thinking very hard about the fundamental concepts. Instead of a conclusion or one solid answer, the method gives a tool of thinking and the process of thinking is what we learn and value. In this process, arguments appear to push the discussion forward.
Plato, one of the most important philosophers in history once told a tale to represent his view in philosophy – The allegory of the Cave. The public is like prisoners in the cave. They blindly believe what they see which is not the true scenario. Even the prisoner gets released, he will still believe what he has always believed just like humans prefer to believe what they feel comfortable with. The one who thinks differently will be treated as a fool – like philosophers who think out of the general comfort zone. The value is to teach the world to think instead of just falling for what our eyes see and mistaken that as the truth.
Under the education of the Christian Church, Locke’s philosophy is also the search for truth. He is famous for the Natural Law. It referrers to the laws that go with the flow of nature. Anything against or without natural reasoning, including God, is not believable.
Another important philosopher, Bertrand Russell thinks that philosophy is not about being productive in material aspect, nor having a finalize definite conclusion on the nature of reality or most uncertain questions. More importantly, is to narrow down a very broad concept through personal views and exchanging ideas on a topic. Philosophy also lets us escape from this world through thinking philosophically.
Indian Jugglers and the meaning of life I’ve just come across a superb essay entitled ‘The Indian Jugglers’ from William Hazlitt’s 19th century collection Table Talk (1828). Hazlitt starts the essay by describing his absolute astonishment upon watching Indian Jugglers perform in London’s Olympic Theatre. …
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Philosophy is an Academic discipline that exercises reason and logic in an attempt to understand reality and answer fundamental questions about knowledge, life, morality and human nature. Philosophy is the root of all knowledge. It is considered as mother of all sciences. Philosophy helps to …
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