Unsolved Mysteries – Physics
Unsolved Mysteries - Beyond the standard model The Standard Model is nowhere near perfect. It may explain the six quarks, leptons, and four forces, but it is not complete. There are still questions about antimatter, dark matter, and the inability for the Standard Model to predict particle mass. There is no guarantee that quarks and leptons are actually fundamental. Lastly, scientists still don't understand gravity's role. Unsolved Mysteries - The standard model as a theory The Standard Model is not wrong. However, it needs to be added to as it is an incomplete theory.
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If the Standard Model can be expanded to understand mass, gravity, and other important pieces of information. Unsolved Mysteries - Three Generations There are three different sets of quark and lepton pairs, and these sets are called generations. Scientists do not know why there are only three generations, or why they exist in the first place. For example, up/down are first generation quarks, and the electron and its neutrino are the first generation leptons. Unsolved Mysteries - What about masses? The Standard Model also has another major flaw, as it cannot explain why a article has a certain mass.
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Scientists believe it is linked to something called the Higgs field, and are looking for a Higgs boson. However, these theories are still unconfirmed. Unsolved Mysteries - Grand Unified Theory Scientists have a major goal of creating a theory which will combine all of the fundamental forces into one, which would allow them to understand the universe. It would also give scientists more answers and make study possibly easier. James Maxwell was successful at unifying electricity and magnetism. Unsolved Mysteries - Forces and the Grand Unified Theory
There is a belief currently swinging around that forces may merge at high energies. This means that all interactions we observe are all different aspects of the same, unified interaction. This does not make complete sense to scientists, which makes everything confusing. The Grand Unifying Theory also implies that there is a force-carrier particle to cause protons to decay. Unsolved Mysteries - Supersymmetry Another interesting idea is the existence of "squarks". These supersymmetric shadow particles need to exist, apparently, for gravity to make sense and be able to e combined with other fundamental theories.
Scientists do not know if they actually exist yet. Unsolved Mysteries - String theory The fact that we live in three dimensions means that quantum mechanics, relativity, and gravity do not actually go together too well. There is a belief that particles are strings and membranes which are also involved with very small dimensions. All of this is confusing. Unsolved Mysteries - Extra Dimensions The idea of extra dimensions comes from the fact that, as humans, we cannot see everything. To a smaller creature, these extra dimensions may be more visible.
A preterred example is a tlea and a human on a tightrope. although the human can only go one way, the flea has more options. This technically creates another dimension that only the flea can use. Unsolved Mysteries - Dark matter Lastly, there is also the idea that the Earth is not made up of the same material as a majority of the universe. There is invisible dark matter which is involved with gravitational effects. There is also evidence that it is not made up of protons, neutrons, or electrons, but perhaps one of the supersymmetric particles, or something that has yet to be discovered.
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